定语从句透析精练

定语从句透析精练

一、定语从句的有关概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如：1)The man who / that lives next to us is a policeman.

2)You must do everything that I do.

在上面两句中的 man 和everything 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词：that , which ,who (宾格whom ,所有格whose )和关系副词where, when .关系词（关系代词或关系副词）放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。也就是说关系词有两个作用： 1.引导定语从句。

2.代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二．定语从句的分立与合并。

I will always remember the days. We spend the days in the beautiful countryside. ____________________________________________________________________ I will always remember the day. I joined the League on that day.

____________________________________________________________________ This is the factory. We visited it yesterday. My father used to work in the factory. ____________________________________________________________________

三．定语从句的分类。

定语从句分为：性定语从句和非性定语从句（又称描述性定语从句）。 1、 性定语从句与先行词关系密确，对它有作用，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意思，一般不用逗号。 例：What is the name of the boy who brought us the letter?

2、非性定语从句只与先行词有一种松散的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示， 在书面语中用逗号分开，

因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。一般用which ,who, whom , whose , where，when等来引导非性定语从句，而不用that 来引导非性定语从句。

例①I like talk with John, who is a clever man.

例②Water,which is a clear liauid (液体)，has many uses. 四．介词提前问题。

1.The girl was my cousin. I bought a computer for her.

______________________________________________________________________________ 2.We went to the Great Wall. We had our pictures taken in front of it.

______________________________________________________________________________ 3.The meeting lasted for two hours. Several persons kept falling asleep during the meeting.

______________________________________________________________________________ 4.They got a lot of money from the concert. Most of the money was given to help the poor.

______________________________________________________________________________ 5.He wrote ten books. All of the books were about the animals.

______________________________________________________________________________ 6.That is the girl. He has fallen in love wither.

______________________________________________________________________________ 7.My glasses were no whereto find. I would be almost like a blind man without them.

______________________________________________________________________________ 8.He has many friends in this city. Some of them were very rich.

______________________________________________________________________________

五．关系词的选择

A. 当先行词为不定代词anything, everything, nothing, anyone , everyone, anybody everybody, nobody,

any, little, one, few, much, all, none等时,

或被all , any , every , each , few , little ,no , some等修饰时如：

a.There isn't much ________ I can do.

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b..He is one of the few ________ can work it out in five minutes. c. All ________ can be done has been done.

d. I mean the one ________ was stolen yesterday. e. There is no difficulty ________ we can’t overcome. f. That is all ________ we can see so far.

当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：

a. The book is the best ________ I have read.

b. This is the biggest laboratory ________ we have ever built in our university. c. It is the best one ______ you may choose.

当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时。如：

e. This is the first step ________ can be taken.

a. It is the third one ________ I've bought.

b. This is the first place ________ I've ever visited.

c. The next thing ________ we should do is to fill the hole again. d. He is the last one ________ we can ask for help.

当先行词被the very, the only, the same ,the right ,just the 等词修饰时。如：

a. Is this the very museum ________ you visited the other day? b. T his is the only book ________ I need at present. c. This is the only reason ________ I can say.

当先行词包含了人和事物两方面的含义时如：

a. They talked of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school. b. The speaker talked of some writers and books ________ were unknown to us. c. John and his dog________ were here a moment ago disappear now.

当先行词被same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。如：

a. She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.

关系代词在定语从句中作表语或先行词是主句的表语时。如：

a. T his is no longer the place________ it used to be. b. He is not the man ________he was. c. He is no longer the man________ he was.

当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。如：

a. Which is the book _________ he bought yesterday?

b. Who ________you have ever seen can beat him in the game? c. Who is the man_________ had a car accident and died yesterday? d. Who is the man ________is standing by the door?

e. Which of the two cows_________ you keep produces more milk?

主句以 There be 开头并指物时

a. There is in the corner a seat ________is still free.

.当先行词是数词或被数词所修饰时.

a. You can see the two (fish) ________ are still alive.

b. Do you know the three _________won the first prize in the English Olympic Competition? B.当介词提前时。

a.I didn’t leave school until 5:00 o’clock _____ _____time most people had gone home. b.This is the room_____ _____they live.

c. This is the question about _________ we have little to say.

在非性定语从句中。

a. He was late, ______ made us all unhappy.

b. They have three houses, _____were built of stones two hundred years ago.

当先行词本身是 that时。

a. What’s that ______appeared on the screen just now?

当关系代词后有插入语时。

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b. It’s a useful book which, as I have told you, will help you improve your English.

当专有名词作先行词时。

a. He left in a hurry for Beijing, ______ is his hometown.

b.Yesterday he left for Cananda ,________he would stay for two weeks. C. 在非性定语从句中。

a. He has two sons, _____ are both in the Army. 当介词提前时。

a. He is the boy _____ _____I talked last night.

b. She loved her sons, three _____ ______ are college students.

c. He is a well-known writer about ________ many articles have been written. 当先行词是one ,ones,anyone 时。 a. I will shoot anyone______ moves.

b. Anyone _____failed in the exam should be criticized.

当先行词是those或被those所修饰时。

a. I hate those ______talk much but do little.

b. Those ______ learn not only from the books but also through practice will succeed. 在there be 开头且先行词是人的句子中。

a. There is a comrade outside______wants to meet you.

当先行词有较长的后置定语时。

a.Do you know the woman in blue with a baby on her back ______ is working in the fields? D.whose作定语，可人可物。

a. Comrade Lei Feng was a great fighter _______ death was heavier/weightier than Mount Tai. b. He showed me the house _______ windows faced south. c. Where is the window ______ glass is broken?

d. I know the woman _______ husband is a famous writer.

e. They felt sorry for the woman _______ son died from a car accident. f. The student ______book you borrowed comes from China. g. The book ______ cover is gone is mine.

h. They lived in the house _______windows were all old and broken.

i. They lived in the house the windows _____ _____were all old and broken. E.关系代词where ,when可引导性定语从句和非性定语从句.

Where在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。 值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum.. The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his. This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party. 先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night------），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词＋which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先

行词与介词的搭配关系而定。

The day when（=on which）he was born was Aug.20,1952 The year when (=in which) he died was 1982. a. I still remember the day ______ I first came here. b. This is the room______ Lu Xun once lived.

c. July 1st, 1921 is the day _______ we Chinese should always remember. d. This is the place ______ we visited last year. e. This is the village ______ I was born.

f. In 1980 he went Beijing , _______ he has lived ever since.

g. The sports meet will be put off till next week , ______it won’t be so cold.

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h. I know the reason ______ he works hard. i. That is the reason ______ he didn’t come.

j. The reason ______ Tom failed to pass the exam was his carelessness. 六．非性定语从句中 as与which引导词的异同。

相同处：都可代替前面整句主句或部分而在定语从句中做主语。

a. He failed in the exam , _____________made her very angry./____________ is natural. b. He looks like a foreigner , ______________in fact she is not. c. She seems a scientist , ______________n fact she is.

d. The increasing population is still a great challenge , ______________ I have said before. *We beat them by a big score , _____________we had expected. *He agreed to the plan , ______________was to be expected.

*The young man cheated his friend of a lot of money , ______was disgraceful. 不同处： as分句可前置，which分句不能。 a. ______ is known , he won the first prize. b. ______ everyone knows , “Money talks.”

c. ______ we all know , “Never put off what we can do till tomorrow.” d. ______ was natural , the boys deserved to lose.

As可用于the same---as , such---as , as---as等结构中，which不能，但可用which 改写。 a. I have the same difficulty _____ you have. *I have the difficulty _____ you have.

b. I have never heard of such terrible things _____he tells. *I have never heard of the terrible things _____he tells. c. He bought as expensive a car _____ he can afford. *He bought an expensive car _____ he can afford. d. This is the same car ________ we saw yesterday.

__________________________________________________ e. You shouldn’t let them read such books ________you read. __________________________________________________ 七．特殊先行词的引导词。(way , reason , time)

a. This is the best way ________we can solve the problem. b. Could you explain the reason _________you were late. c. I still remember the first time _________I meet you.

八．源自定语从句的强调句。

结构：It’s +被强调部分who / that 其他部分.

a.Teamwork made us win the game.

____________________________________________________________ b. The parrot took away her necklace.

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ c. My father bought a computer for me in a market in London last week. ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

九．定语从句的注意点。

A． 定语从句修饰最贴近的名词。

a. I put the book on the table which we bought the other day

B． 为了平衡句子，定语从句常被其他成分隔离。

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a. He laughs best who laughs last.

b. The war broke out which lasted for ten years.

C． 为了达成先行词+定语从句的结构，有时需要做一些词组的移位。

a. There are in the trees some birds which I have never seen before.

b. I have found on the Internet some information which may be useful to your travel.

D． 有时会出现一个词被两个或多个定语从句所修饰的双重或多重。

a. Is there anything that you want that you have not?

b. There was nobody I could think of who could solve the problem.

E.一般说来，除了用定语从句解释名词或泛指外，先行词前应有定冠词the。

F. 在性定语从句中which,whom,that充当宾语时，可以省略。而在非性定语从句中whom,who,which不能省略。

G. 在含有非性定语从句的复合句中从句与主句之间应该用逗号隔开。

H.“one of＋可数名词复数”引导的定语从句中,谓语动词应用复数；而“one of＋可数名词复数”前有the，

only或the only修饰，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。 a. He is one of the students who study very hard at school.

b. He is the(only/the only) one of the students who studies very hard at school. c. New York is one of the biggest cities which / that are famous for the trade. d. He is the only one of the students who is the prize winner. Ⅰ.选择题(40×2)

1.I've read all the books __________you gave me.

A.which B.them C.what D.that 2.There isn't much _________I can do.

A.what B.which C.that D.how

3.He keeps a record of everything______________he had seen there. A.he B.that C.which D.what

4.Tell us about the people and the places _____________are different from ours. A.that B.who C.which D.whom

5.Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city_____________he had visited in China. A.that B.where C.which D.what

6.The TV play I watched last night is the best one __________I have watched this year. A.which B.what C.whose D.that

7.Last Sunday they reached Qingdao, ________a conference was to be held. A.which B.that C.when D.where 8.Is this the museum_________you visited the other day?

A.that B.where C.in which D.the one

9.I began to work in Beijing in the year_________New China was founded. A.when B.that C.which D.where 10.This is the very film_________I've long wished to see. A.which B.that C.who D.whom

11.There is no difficulty __________can't be overcome in the world. A.that B.which C.who D.what

12.Who is the person _________is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower? A.who B.that C.which D.whom

13.This was the supermarket___________I bought this kind of tin. A.where B.that C.who D.which

14.The house __________the capitalist used to live in is now a nursery. A.that B.where C.what D.when 15.This is the last time__________I shall come here to help you.

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A.that B.which C.when D.what 16.The house_________we live is not big.

A.in that B.which C.in which D.that

17.My neighburs used to give me a hand in time of trouble, __________was very kind of them. A.who B.that C.which D.whom 18.All _________glitters is not gold.

A.that B.which C.／ D.what

19.I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets him the way_____ he does. A.which B.what C.／ D.now

20.Beijing, ___________is the capital of China,is a beautiful city. A.that B.it C.which D.／

21.She was no longer the woman ____________she was. A.that B.which C.what D.who 22.That's the hotel __________last year.

A.which we stayed B.at that we stayed C.Where we stayed at D.where we stayed 23.The doctor did all _________to save the wounded boy. A.what he could B.he could

C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 24.Anyone ________this opinion may speak out. A.that againsts B.that against

C.who is against D.who are against

25.The place __________you are standing used to be an old church. A.which B.where C.that D.when 26.You've made the same mistake_________you made last time. A.as B.like C.which D.that

27.It is not such an interesting magazine__________I thought. A.as B.that C.which D.／ 28._________you know,he is a famous musician.

A.As B.which C.That D.／

29.Mr Zhou , _______native language was Chinese,could read and write several foreign languages. A.whose B.his C.which D.that

30.Do you know the actor___________you saw playing Hamlet is now doing King Lear? A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 31.I took my friend to the Summer Palace,____________we had some photos taken. A.where B.which C.that D.／

32.Do you remember the day ___________your sister was graduated as a Master of Arts? A.which B.on which C.about which D.／

33.The bus,___________was already full,was surrounded by an angry crowd. A.which of most B.most of which C.which of the most D.most of that

34.We all remember the days __________we studied together at school. A.which B.that C.when D.／ 35.Do you know the reason_____________he didn't come? A.that B.which C.for D.why 36.I showed the doctor the place ____________I felt the pain. A.that B.which C.where D.when 37.He is the only one of the three_______got the new idea. A.who have B.whom have

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C.who has D.whose had

38.I'm one of the students _________well in English in my class.

A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did 39.This is the baby____________tomorrow.

A.after whom I shall look B.whom I shall look after

C.whose I shall look after D.after whom I shall look after 40.This is the fastest train ____________is going to Nanjing. A.that B.what C.where D.／ Ⅱ.从A、B、C、D中找出错误的一项.(5×2)

1.It′ll be dark by the time (A) you get to (B) the river, so I′m afraid you′ll have to (C) go back the same way that (D) you came.

2.When I first came (A) to the supermarket, I worked in (B) the department where (C) sold cooked or prepared (D) food.

3.I have read (A) the novel twice (B) which (C) you are talking about it (D).

4.I'd like to buy (A) that new model recorder but which (B) is too expensive for (C) me at present (D). 5.Marco Polo, who (A) was a great Italian traveler , traveled all the way (B) to China ,where (C) was then (D) called Cathay.

Ⅲ.用定语从句连接下列每对句子.(5×2)

1.She was talking with a lady . Her son was ill.

____________________________________________________________________ 2.You sent my sister a present . Thank you very much for it.

____________________________________________________________________ 3.The clothes have been cleaned I'm wearing them.

____________________________________________________________________ 4.He is sitting in a chair. It is broken.

____________________________________________________________________ 5.She is a person. Everyone likes to make friends with her. ____________________________________________________________________

参

Ⅰ.1.D 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.D 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.A 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.A 28.A 29.A 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.B 34.C 35.D 36.C 37.C 38.B 39.B 40.A Ⅱ.1.D 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C

Ⅲ.1.She was talking with a lady whose son was ill.

2.Thank you very much for the present which you sent to my sister. 3. I'm wearing the clothes which have been cleaned.

4.He is sitting in a chair which is broken.(The chair which he is sitting in is broken.) 5.She is a person whom everyone likes to make friends with