浅谈中西方文化差异_英文_

浅谈中西方文化差异

文/黄文娟

摘 要:中西方文化差异导致了中西方交流中的误解,引起了很多不便。本文针对日常生活中中西方文化交流中的典型现象如婚姻家庭,餐厅礼仪和日常招呼等进行分析,阐述了这些文化现象后所隐藏的文化内涵和其所植根的文化根基,从个人主义和集体主义,平等概念和等级观念,自我中心和牺牲精神等方面做出解释,为困顿于中西方文化的学习者提供参考。关键词:中西方文化;现象;文化内涵;文化根基作 者:湖南对外经济贸易职业学院

Ñ1Citedphenomena

A1Marriage

AChinesegirlgotmarriedwithanAmericanboyandsettleddowninLosAngelesnotfarawayfromwhereherparents-in-lawlived.ThefirstfewmonthswentbymuchsmoothlyandtheChinesegirlgotalongverywellwithhernewfamily.

Sixmonthslater,shegotpregnantandinformedherparents-in-lawatthefirstmoment.ThereadygrandparentsblessedherandherbabyandwenttoEuropewheretheyplannedtoenjoyahalf-yearholiday.TheChinesegirlwassurprisedattheirdecision:/Don.tyoustaytotakecareofmeandmybaby?Don.tyouthinkthebabyisthemostimportantthinginthefamilynow?0Theparents-in-lawalsogotconfused:/Welovethisbaby,butdoesitmeanweshouldgiveupourownlifeanddoeverythingforit?0

B1Restaurantcustoms

AyoungChinesetouristsatinaPariscaf󰀑andorderedtea.Twiceheaskedformorehotwatertotopitupwhileputtingthesauceronthecuptokeeptheteawarm,ashewouldhavedone

athome.

Thewaitergrewimpatient./ThisChineseistoostingytopayformoretea.Anddoesn.theknowthesaucergoesunderthecuptocatchthedrips?0

TheChinesemannoticedthedispleasureonthewaiter.sfaceandlostpatiencehimself./ThisWesternwaiterisreallystingyandsilly!Whyishesoreluctanttoservemehotwater?Whydoesheputthelidunderthecup?0hegotangry,andleftthecaf󰀑steamingwithresentment.

C1Greeting

AnAmericanstudentCharliewenttoChinaandcontinuedhisstudyinPekingUniversity.EverythingwentwellwithhimexceptthattheChinesepeoplewerehardtounderstandforhimsometimes.

Onedayafternoon,hewasonhiswaybackfromthesupermarketwhenheencounteredtwoChineseclassmates./Hi,Charlie,whereareyougoing?0oneoftheChineseclassmatesgreetedhim./I.mjustbackfromthesupermarket.0Heanswered./Whatdidyoubuy?0TheChinesestudentcontinued./Er,0Charliefeltveryawkward,/Iboughtabarofbread,fiveapples,abottleofsaladjamand,0/Youdon.thavetotellusallthesespecificthings,wearejustgreetingyoubyaskingyouquestions.0/What?Youconfusedme!0

Ò.Analysisonthecitedphenomenonandthecorrespondingculturalimplications

Inthefirstcase,boththeChinesegirlandherparents-in-lawcankeeptheirownopinion.InChina,itisparents.dutytoberesponsiblefortheirchildrenandthisresponsibilitywilllast

(4)勤巡视病房,观察生命体征、面色、意识及有无感染、周围组织坏死等。当出现因插管技术而导致的并发症(如穿破脐血管造成出血插进或堵塞腹主动脉分支、空气栓塞、血栓形成、误插在门静脉沟处、穿破肝实质等)时,应通知医生尽早拔管,同时给予对症治疗,使症状得以改善。

(5)细菌学检测。每周1次分别做外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养。本组病例共做16次外周血和脐部穿刺处皮肤的细菌培养,无1例发生院内感染等插管并发症。

参考文献:

[1]余波,李莎莎.新生儿126例脐静脉插管末端细菌培养的临床分析[J]中国新生儿科杂志,2007(4)

[2]宋新志,曹明艳,何咏梅,等.新生儿窒息血肌钙蛋白T变化[J]湘南学院学报,2005(1)

[3]周宇,周晓光.新生儿胎粪吸入综合征临床分型与特点的初步探讨[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2000(5)

[4]高树辉,周杰,张映辉,等.早产儿血脂水平与出生体重的关系[J]中国当代儿科杂志,2003(3)

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综 合

forthewholelifeoftheparents.That.stosay,itisnormalandnaturalthattheparentshelptheirchildrenwithanythingtheycanandthiskindof/help0willcovereveryaspectoftheirchildren.slife,thustakingcareoftheirgrandchildrenshouldbeincludedundoubtedly.Whileinmostwesterncountries,parents.dutyfortheirchildrenwillautomaticallystopwhenthechildrenreachtheyearof18.Theywillberegardedasadultsandofcoursetheywillbeinchargeoftheirownlife.

Inthesecondcase,itwasnothingmorethanacommonmisunderstandingofotherpeople.scustoms.Thetouristmisinterpretedthewaiter.sbehavior,andthewaitermisinterpretedwhat,tothecustomer,wasanormalrequest.InChina,peopleenjoyteamorethancoffee,andteahousesarescatteredeverywhereinwhichthecustomerscanenjoyfreetop-up.Whilemostwesternersprefercoffeetotea,andinmostwesternrestaurantsandcafes,top-upshouldbechargedandtipsforwaitersandwaitressesarenecessary.Asforthecups,ancientChinesepeopleusedtoenjoybothalidtokeeptheteawarmandasaucertocatchthedrips,whilecoffeecupsusuallyareaccompaniedwithasauceronly.Afailuretounderstanddifferentcustomsleadstomisunderstanding.

ThethirdcasecanbetypicalforforeignersinChina.Chinesepeopleareusedtothinkingroups,withthiscommunityspirit,it.snotuncommontoapproachotherswithquestions.Usually,/Whereareyoufrom?0couldmean/I.minterestedinyouandreadytobeyourfriend0;/Areyoumarried?0couldmean/Ifyouarestillsingle,I.llhelpyoufindagirlfriendorboyfriend.0and/Whatdidyoubuy?0whengreetingashopper,/Haveyouhadyourmeal?0whengreetingafriendintheneighborhoodcouldjustmean/Hello!0oraninvitationtoconversation.Obviously,thesequestionsareprivateforwesternersandmakethemfeeluneasy,theyevenmightfeelthatChinesearemeddlingintheiraffairs.

Ó.Theculturalbasisimpliedineast-westclashes

11IndividualismandCollectivism

Chinesecultureisbasedoncollectivism.Insteadofconsideringthemselvesindividuals,Chineseare,aboveall,membersofacommunity.Theyidentifymorewithemployeesofthecompany,citizensofthecountry,husbandsorwives,orfathersormothers.Theyareusedtothinkofgroups.Withthiscommunityspirit,it.srathercommonforChineseparentstoregardtheirchildren.sandfriends.affairsastheirown.

1994

[2]XuXiaozhen,NewCenturyEnglishIntegratedCourse,SHANGHAIFOREIGNLANGUAGEEDUCATIONPRESS,2008

[3]LuoYaohui,CulturalDifferenceandCulturalIntroduction,JOURNALOFFULINGTEACHERSCOLLEGE,2006

[4]BiPenghui,ACulturalIntroductioninTeachingtheForeignLanguage,RESEARCHINTEACHING,2006

Westerncultureisfoundedonindividualism.Awesternerseeshimselforherselfbothasanindividualandmemberofacommunity.Thus,westernersshowmorerespecttoindependenceandprivacy.

2.EqualityconceptandClassconcept

/Allmenarecreatedequal0,inwesterners.eyes,peoplewillbeself-respectedandshowenoughrespecttoothersregardlessoftheirwealthandfamilystatus.Jobsenjoyequality,too.Peoplewon.tlookdownuponsuchpeopleascleaners,waitersandbaby-sittersetc.Accordingtothem,allworkerscanbehonorableandhardworkwillalwaysbeappreciated.

Chinesecultureisaffectedbythetraditionalclassconcept,financialsituation,socialstatus,familybackgroundshowgreatinfluenceonpeople.sgrowingprocessanddevelopment.

3.Self-centerandSacrifice

Westernersfocusonself-centerandindependence,sotheywillusuallyberesponsibleforthemselvesandshownointerestinothers.affair.Underthiskindofculture,peopleseldomcareaboutanythingnoneoftheirownbusinessandcanbeindifferentinChinesepeople.seyes.

Chinesepeopleappreciateaprincipleas/tobeusefulforothersandthesociety0.That.stosay,intheiropinion,individualvalueliesinthedevotiontothesociety.SelflessnessandsacrificecouldbevirtuesinChineseculture,thusofferinghelpandcaretootherswillbequitecommonforChinesepeople.

Ô.Conclusion

Theunderstandingofeasternandwesternculturesshowsgreatvalueinacceleratingthecross-culturalcommunicationability.Thesoundculturalinterpretationcanhelptofullyunderstandeachotherandgreatlypromotetheprocessofcommunication.

Reference:

[1]WuBin,ChineseTeachers.RoleintheTeachingofAmericanLiterature,FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCH,

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