职称英语理工类C级真题2015年

(总分：100.00，做题时间：120分钟)

一、第一部分：词汇选项 (总题数：15，分数：15.00)

1.The weather last summer was awful. （分数：1.00） A.bad √ B.fair C.dry D.hot

解析：去年夏天的天气很糟糕。awful 糟糕。

2.The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison. （分数：1.00） A.message B.guilt C.obligation D.punishment √

解析：这部法律的惩罚最高可至三年有期徒刑。penalty 惩罚。

3.My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher. （分数：1.00） A.definitely B.generally C.certainly D.greatly √

解析：自从我有了新老师开始，我弹钢琴的技巧大大的提高了。significantly 大大的，显著地。 4.There is a need for radical changes in education. （分数：1.00） A.revolutionary √ B.long-term C.short-term D.systematic

解析：教育上需要一次彻底的改变。radical 彻底的，激进的。

5.It frustrates me that I’m not able to put any of my ideas into practice. （分数：1.00） A.discourages √ B.shows C.surprises D.frightens

解析：我不能把我的任何想法付出实践，这让我很沮丧。frustrate 使之沮丧。 6.I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present. （分数：1.00） A.limit B.fear √ C.power D.fool

解析：我惊恐的意识到我忘带了礼物。horror 惊恐。 7.He tried to assemble his thoughts. （分数：1.00）

A.gather √ B.clear C.share D.spare

解析：他试图整理他的思路。assemble 装配、集合、整理、集结（人员，）。 8.I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to. （分数：1.00） A.partner B.drive C.guide D.help √ 解析：

9.The doctors did not reveal the truth to him. （分数：1.00） A.hide B.handle C.disclose √ D.establish 解析：

10.Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy. （分数：1.00） A.way √ B.factor C.objective D.source

解析：铁路是振兴经济的很重要的交通方式。mode 方法；方式、模式。 11.He said some harsh words about his brother. （分数：1.00） A.proper B.unkind √ C.normal D.unclear

解析：他对他的兄弟说了一些刻薄的话。harsh 严厉的、刻薄的。

12.Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months’ notice before you leave. （分数：1.00） A.subjects B.expressions C.words D.rules √ 解析：

13.Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible. （分数：1.00） A.alarm B.catch C.spot D.attract √

解析：不要通过把值钱的东西放在明面上这种方式诱惑小偷。temp 诱惑。 14.When did you first encounter these difficulties? （分数：1.00）

A.create B.present C.experience √ D.resolve

解析：你第一次遇到这些问题是什么时候？encounter 遭遇、遇到。 15.We need to identify the potential problems. （分数：1.00） A.possible √ B.main C.immediate D.common 解析：

二、第二部分：阅读判断 (总题数：1，分数：7.00)

ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants Children have an increased risk of attention problems，seen as early as grade school , if their moms inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study. Released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health. In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放） PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查） other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid. The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的） mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. （分数：7.00） (1).Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America. （分数：1.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：由题干中的人名可定位到文章第二段，其中In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City.一句可知，研究对象仅限纽约，故可知题干错误，选择B。

(2).The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health.（分数：1.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：由文章第二段最后一句The researchers wanted to probe(探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.可知，研究人员想了解PAHs环芳香烃的其他来源，故此可知题干错误。

(3).Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.（分数：1.00） A.Right B.Wrong √ C.Not mentioned

解析：由文章第二段中的In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers.可知，选择非吸烟的怀孕母亲的原因是因为吸烟会导致环芳香烃的吸入。故可知，吸烟和环芳烃（PAHs）的关系是明确的，因此题干错误。 (4).The blood of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.（分数：1.00） A.Right B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned √

解析：文章仅仅提到了抽血化验单，频率并未提及，故选择C。 (5).Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.（分数：1.00） A.Right B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned √

解析：ADHD的孩子无法集中注意力，但并未说他们学业成绩受到了显著地影响。因此，题干为文章未提及内容。

(6).The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD. （分数：1.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：由文章最后一段中的Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9.一句可知，血液中环芳香烃的含量高的女性生出9岁显示出注意力集中问题的孩子的风险提升了五倍，故可知题干正确，选择A。

(7).Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.（分数：1.00） A.Right √ B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

解析：由第一段中的最后一句话The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.可知，化石燃料的燃烧是PAH的主要来源，由此联想，可知汽车和家用取暖是PAH的最主要来源，故选择A题干正确。

三、第三部分：概括大意与完成句子 (总题数：1，分数：8.00)

1)New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future. 2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems. 3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and

process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing. 4)\"The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,\" said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey. 5)\"This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds.\" 6)The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.（分数：8.00）

(1).A.Expectation of the discovery B.the problem of current computers C.A new finding D.The purpose of the research E.Public reaction to the discovery F.The use of the new material Paragraph 2 _____（分数：1.00） A. B. C. √ D. E. F.

解析：由文章第一句话中的has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides一句可知，此处Surry大学有了一个新的发现，它有可能改变非晶硫族化合物的电子性质，可能帮助改变电信号的传输方式。故选择C。 (2).Paragraph 3 _____（分数：1.00） A. B. √ C. D. E. F.

解析：由第三段第一句话Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.可知，现如今的电脑是同电信号进行信息交换的，后文有提及了这种交流可能存在的问题，故可知答案为B。其中currently暗示答案为B。 (3).Paragraph 4 _____（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. √ E. F.

解析：第四段第一句话The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer.可知，目前这个研究的挑战是如何用电信号高效传输信息，由此可知，这段讲的是此次研究的目的，即为解决这些挑战，故选择D。 (4).Paragraph 5 _____（分数：1.00）

A. B. C. D. E. F. √

解析：整个第五段都谈论了新材料的应用，其中how a widely used glass can be manipulated ，以及In doing so暗示答案为F。

(5).A.optical information B.processing speeds C.electrons D.positive charges E.data technologies F.all-optical systems The result of the research can help computers to increase _____.（分数：1.00） A. B. √ C. D. E. F.

解析：由题干中的help computers可定位到文章第一段，其中This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future可知，这项研究有助于让电脑传递信息速度增加，故选择B。

(6).Current computers transfer information using _____（分数：1.00） A. B. C. √ D. E. F.

解析：由题干中的Current computers可定位到文章第三段第一句话Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications.可知，现如今的电脑是同电信号进行信息交换的，可知正确答案为C。

(7).The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function _____（分数：1.00） A. B. C. D. √ E. F.

解析：由题干中new glass material可定位到文章第五段，其中but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices可知答案为D。

(8).Glass is used in the research to carry and process _____.（分数：1.00） A. √ B. C. D. E. F.

解析：由文章第二段中最后一句话By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems. 可知，玻璃的应用是用来让不同功能投射到一个硬件上，使系统运行视觉化的。故选择A视觉信息。

四、第四部分：阅读理解。 (总题数：2，分数：45.00)

Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee? When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too. Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy（树冠）of taller indigenous（土生土长的）trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits. Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators（捕食者）in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there. Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as \"shade grown\" and \"bird friendly.\" Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it. （分数：15.00）

(1).What is the main idea of this passage? （分数：3.00） A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.

C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. D.People should buy shade-grown coffee. √

解析：整篇文章在讲述咖啡的种植，从full-sun 到shade-grown coffee，并且鼓励人们买shade-grown coffee，从文中题目也可以看出。

(2).The function of the word \"Traditionally\" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.（分数：3.00） A.the positive effects of coffee. B.a change of coffee growth.

C.something that is the most important. D.how coffee production used to be. √

解析：第二段traditioanlly, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy of taller indigenous trees. 传统的说法是，咖啡过去是种植在土生土长的高树的树冠上面。

(3).What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?（分数：3.00） A.More insects.

B.Better quality coffee. C.Larger farms. D.Higher profits. √

解析：With increased production come increased profits 产量增加，利润就增加了。 (4).How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?（分数：3.00） A.They buy more land from other farmers. B.They cut down trees. √ C.They move to another country. D.They turn grassland into farmland.

解析：However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. 越来越多的农民砍伐森林来种植咖啡。

(5).The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____.（分数：3.00） A.insects B.air √ C.brids D.humans

解析：the fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink. 这段当中说了 full sun method使用了肥料及杀虫剂，杀死了昆虫，鸟类，其他动物以及人们喝的水 没有提及B，空气。

Soot（煤烟灰）and Snow: a Hot Combination New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. Soot in the higher latitudes（维度）of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface.\"This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier.\" said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）, which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. \"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, \" Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive in warming the world's climate.\" This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.\" Hansen noted. Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century. The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.（分数：15.00） (1).Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?（分数：3.00） A.It absorbs sun's heat．

B.It is responsible for climate change． √ C.It reflects sunlight．

D.It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century．

解析：由文章第一段According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.一句可知，黑烟煤炭对全球变暖可能会有25%的责任，但这是一个偷换概念的选项，因为作者使用了may be 因此并不确定，故此处为主观臆测的选项，故不正确，选择B。

(2).Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?（分数：3.00） A.Ice sea areas．

B.Areas with black carbon．

C.Areas covered with white snow． √ D.Melting glaciers．

解析：由文章第二段中Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.一句可知，深色的木炭，黑煤的地面吸收阳光，而白色的雪以及冰反射阳光，故可知正确答案为C。

(3).\"This forcing\" in Paragraph 5 refers to?（分数：3.00） A.sun's heating on snow surface． √

B.soot's increased absorption of solar energy． C.carbon-dioxide's warming effect． D.snow's increased reflection of sunlight．

解析：第五段中的this forcing指代的是段首句Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon，即为太阳在雪地上面的加热作用，故选择A。

(4).What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?（分数：3.00） A.Soot B.Snow

C.Greenhouse gases √ D.Wind

解析：由文章倒数第二段it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.一句可知，真正的全球变暖的元凶是温室气体，故选择C。 (5).The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with（分数：3.00） A.X sea ice and insufficient sunlight． B.light snow cover and sufficient sunlight． C.heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight． D.thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight． √

解析：文章第四段第一句Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo（反照率）, which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost.可知，北半球早春的原因是粉尘影响了雪的反照率，故可知正确答案为D。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：

五、第五部分：补全短文 (总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Explore Jordan Wadi Rum is the name given to a valley cut into the sandstone and hard rock in southwest Jordan. _____（46） The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic word meaning “high” or “elevated”, The area around Wadi Rum is now also one of Jordan’s most important tourist destinations, and attracts an increasing number of foreign tourists, particularly trekkers（越野者），but also for camel safaris（旅行） or simply day-trippers from Aqaba or Petra. In contrast, there are almost no local or Arab tourists through Popular activities in the desert environment include camping under the stars ,riding Arab horses ,and rock-climbing amongst the massive rock formations .Jebal Rum(Jebal means mountain )is 1574 metres above sea level. _____（47）. But Jordan is not simply a desert environment ——it also contains the area which is the lowest point to the face of the Earth ——the incredible Dead Sea, popular with tourists for swimming. _____（48） Once the waters reach the Dead Sea they are landlocked and have nowhere to go, so they evaporate ,leaving behind a dense ,rich cocktail（混合的）of salts and minerals that supply industry, agriculture in water spa treatments and water therapies. The Dead Sea is located in the syro-African Rift, a 4000-mile fault line in the Earth's crust. The lowest point of dry land on Earth is the shoreline of the Dead Sea at 1300 feet below sea level .Because the lake is at the lowest point ,this means that water does not drain from it . _____（49） Figures for the Dead Sea's salinity（盐度）today range from 25% to 35%. But the greatest tourist attraction is the incredible city of Petra. _____（50） It is a vast unique city ,carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2000 years ago, turing it into an important junction for the silk, spice and other trade routes that linked China India

and southern Arabia with Egypt ,Syria ,Greece and Rome .Today ,visitors can marvel at the architecture and explore life as it was thousands of years ago . A.It is the largest wadi (riverbed) in Jordan. B.It is the second highest peak in Jordon ,rising directly above the Rum valley opposite Jebal Urn Ishrin. C.This vast stretch of water receives a number of incoming rivers, including the River Jordan. D.The area has been used as a backgroud setting in a number of films. E.Every day seven million tons of water evaporate from the lake ,but the mineral remain causing the salt content to increase . F.It is without doubt Jordan's most valuable treasure. （分数：10.00） A. √ B. C. D. E. F.

解析： 空缺前一句说：Wadi Rum is the name given to a valley cut into the sandstone and hard rock in southwest Jordan. 很明显是在讲约旦的瓦迪拉姆，因此空缺句一定是在讲瓦迪拉姆的具体情况，故A选项最为合适 A. B. √ C. D. E. F.

解析：前文Jebal Rum(Jebal means mountain )is 1574 metres above sea level一句说Jebal Rum海拔1574米，由此可知，是很高的，因此B选项说是最高峰，比较符合逻辑，因此选择B。 A. B. C. √ D. E. F.

解析：空缺前说But Jordan is not simply a desert environment ----it also contains the area which is the lowest point to the face of the Earth ----the incredible Dead Sea, popular with tourists for swimming.告知我们约旦不光有沙漠还有死海，而后一句也提及死海的水的来源，故此可知，正确答案为C。 A. B. C. D. E. √ F.

解析：空缺前说Because the lake is at the lowest point ,this means that water does not drain from it说明死海海拔低，因此水不会流走。后文又说Figures for the Dead Sea's salinity（盐度）today range from 25% to 35%.，死海的水的盐浓度25%到35%，可知，唯一解释是水蒸发但是矿物质留在了水中，故选择E。 A. B. C. D. √ E.

F.

解析：空缺前文But the greatest tourist attraction is the incredible city of Petra说最大的旅游景点是彼得拉这个城市，由逻辑推测可知，后文应该说它为什么是旅游景点。因此，D 很多电影都在那里拍摄，为最佳答案.

六、第六部分：完形填空 (总题数：1，分数：15.00)

Rescue Platform In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, security experts are trying to develop new ways of rescuing people from burning skyscrapers. One _____（51） is a platform capable of flying vertically and hovering in the air _____ （52）a helicopter. The platform would rise up and down alongside a skyscraper and pick up people _____（53）in high stories. The idea for vertical takeoff platform was hatched（策划）more than ten years ago by a Russian aerospace engineer, David Metreveli, who has since moved to Israel. Metreveli’s design _____（）the Eagle, calls for two jet engines that_____（55） four large horizontal propellers. The spinning of the propellers _____（56） the necessary lift, or upward force, to raise the platform. The more _____（57） is supplied to the propellers, the higher the platform_____（58）. Moving the platform sideways involves_____（59）differing amounts of power to each propeller. Helicopters are now used in some_____（60） to get people out of burning building. Escape baskets slung from them dangle beside the building for people to climb into._____ （61）, the baskets cannot reach every floor of a building_____（62） the ropes from which they hang become unstable_____（63） a certain length. So far, Metreveli has built a small-scale model of the Eagle to_____（） his idea. In the wake of September 11, he has been able to secure enough funding to start building a larger, 4-meter by 4-meter prototype, _____（65） he calls the Eaglet. （分数：15.00） A.idea B.skill C.building D.improvement √ 解析： A.silks B.unlike C.like √ D.likely 解析： A.XXX B.trapped √ C.climbed D.raised 解析： A.linked B.called √ C.equaled D.described 解析： A.change B.move √ C.turn D.shut 解析： A.sends B.keeps C.opens

D.generates √ 解析： A.power √ B.sense C.feature D.model 解析： A.stays B.rises √ C.stars D.runs 解析： A.reducing B.comparing C.developing D.applying √ 解析： A.kinds B.cases √ C.stories D.products 解析：

A.Unfortunately B.Uncertainly C.Unimportantly D.Unexpectedly 解析： A.before B.because √ C.until D.however 解析：

A.beyond √ B.under C.off D.on 解析： A.tell B.test √ C.discuss D.report 解析： A.who B.which √ C.where D.what 解析：

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