英汉对比翻译word.doc

Unit1

Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglectingto stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet.

⼀些科学家推测，除了药物作⽤和饮⾷不当等因素外，⼤脑功能下降并⾮源于往常以为的衰⽼，实际上它可能是对不注意保持体育运动的⼀种惩罚。

If you venture just a little way into the woods, your menu can become even more varied.

The roots of Jerusalem artichokes (耶路撒冷洋蓟) are often dug in spring and fall at the edges of woods, where the groundsmay once have been tilled or farmed.

如果稍微冒点险，进到森林不远处，你的⾷谱就能变得更为多样。在翻耕过的林地边缘，春秋季节会采到耶路撒冷洋蓟。Under U.S. law all aliens seeking admission are presumed to require an immigrant visa unless they establish that they areentitled to receive a visa in one of the nonimmigrant categories.

根据美国法律，所有申请⼊境的外国⼈都会被认为是在申请移民签证，除⾮他们能够证实⾃⼰有⾜够的理由，是在申请⼀种⾮移民种类的签证。

“I believe that the staging of ‘Turandot’ in Beijing will further demonstrate that the arts, whether opera or film, are the best

media for people of different cultures and histories to co mmunicate with each other and to share their feelings and emotions”,said Zhang Yimou, the director of the production.

“我相信，图兰多在北京上演，将进⼀步说明，⽆论歌剧还是电影，艺术是不同⽂化和历史背景的⼈们互相交流，分享情感的最佳媒介”，图兰多的导演张艺谋如是说。

I spent three or four hours on two short chapters –– savoring each paragraph, lingering

over a sentence, a phrase or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene.书中的短短两章，我就读了三、四个⼩时。对每个段落，我都仔细品玩，⼀唱三叹；

对每个句⼦、每个短语、甚⾄每个词，我都流连徘徊、依依不舍；书中胜景在我脑海⾥历历如画，⼀览⽆余。Unit2

午后便步⾏⾄鹊华桥，雇了⼀只⼩船，荡起双桨。朝北不远，便到了历下亭前。上岸进去，⼊了⼤门，便是⼀个房⼦，油漆已⼤半剥蚀完了。

After lunch he walked to the Que Hua Bridge, where he hired a small boat and paddled along towards the north. Soon hereached the Li Xia Pavilion, so he stepped ashore and went in, and when he entered the gate he saw a house, the paint ofwhich was practically all worn away.

外婆最喜欢的是⼆舅。这不仅是五个⼉⼥中⼆舅与外婆长得最像，⽽且他曾是外婆的全部希望。那时外公先是失业在家，后来，⼜得病瘫痪在床，家境⼗分困难。⽽⼆舅⽣性活泼，天资聪颖，从⼩就学习成绩优异。所以，外婆便把家庭的全部希望寄托在⼆舅⾝上，节⾐缩⾷地供着⼆舅上学。

Of all the children, granny loved her second son, my uncle, best. The reason is that he not only resembles her very much, butalso represents all her hopes. During those days, with grandpa losing his job first and then becoming bed-ridden with

paralysis, our family was living in straitened circumstances. Granny pinned all the hopes of the family on my uncle, who wasvivacious by nature and brilliant in his studies ever since his childhood,so she stinted herself in order to provide him with an education.

这⼩⼩的⾖不像那好看的苹果、桃⼦、⽯榴，把它们的果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜⾊，令⼈⼀望⽽⽣羡慕的⼼。它只把果⼦埋在地底，等到成熟，才容⼈把它挖出来。你们偶然看见⼀棵花⽣瑟缩地长在地上，不能⽴刻辨出它有没有果实，⾮得等到你接触它才能知道。

Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches, and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s admirationwith their brillian t colors, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain uneart hed until they’re ripe. When youcome upon

a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether ornot it bears any nuts until you touch them.Unit3

1.九岁时，母亲死去。⽗亲也就变了样。偶尔打碎了⼀个杯⼦，他就要骂到使⼈发

抖的程度。后来，就连⽗亲的眼睛也转了弯，每从他的⾝边⾛过，我就像⾃⼰的⾝上⽣了针刺⼀样：他斜视着你，他那⾼傲的眼光从⿐梁经过嘴⾓⽽往下流着。（萧红《永久的憧憬和追求》）

When I was nine Mother died and Father became even worse. If you accidentally broke a small thing like a cup, he wouldthrow such things as to make you shiver all over. His eyes would cast sideways glance. Whenever I passed by him, he wouldeye me sideways with an arrogant look streaming down the bridge of his nose and off the corner of the mouth, making youfeel as if pricked on needles.

2. The view, especially in early summer, is so pleasing that it’s a pity they can’t enjoy it.

Wild roses blooming on fieldstone fences, fields white with daisies, that soft languorous air turning the mountains pastel blueout toward the West.

那⼉的景⾊⾮常怡⼈，尤其是在初夏时节。⽯栅篱上的野蔷薇竞相开放，⽥野被雏菊染成⼀⽚⽩⾊，微醺的和风给群⼭抹上淡淡的蓝⾊，⼀直向西边延伸⽽去。先辈们⽆法欣赏这些美景，真是⼀桩憾事。3. Some parents simply cannot stand letting their baby cry until he or she learns to fall

asleep on their own, or when the baby awakens in the middle of the night. Mo st experts’ advice suggests this is shortsighted.有些家长根本⽆法忍受婴⼉⾃⼰学会⼊睡之前的啼哭，或是半夜⾥婴⼉醒来时的啼哭。⼤多数专家的意见表明这是⼀种短见。Unit4

I was up the next morning before the October sunrise, and away through the wild

and the woodland. The rising of the sun was noble in the cold and warmth of it; peeping down the spread of light, he raisedhis shoulder heavily over the edge of gray mountain and wavering length of upland. Beneath his gaze the dew-fogs dippedand crept to the hollow places, then stole away the line and column, holding skirts and clinging subtly at the shelteringcorners where rock hung over grass-land, while the brave lines of hills came forth, one beyond other gliding.

第⼆天凌晨，在⼗⽉的太阳升起之前，我已经动⾝，并穿过旷野和丛林。⼗⽉的清晨乍暖还寒，⽇出的景象是很壮观的。透过⼀⽚晨曦，朝⽇从朦胧的⼭岗和起伏连绵的⾼低边际，沉重地抬起肩头。在它的逼视下，蒙蒙的雾⽓向下沉降，落到洼地⾥去，接着化成⼀丝丝⼀缕缕，悄然离去，⽽在草地之上悬崖之下的那些隐蔽⾓落⾥，雾⽓却还在引裾徘徊，⽽群⼭的雄姿却接⼆连三地涌现。

I take heart from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic

point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets inthe way.

敌⼈吹嘘能在⼀两个⼩时内占领战略要地，却受到了顽强的抵抗，现在连外围地区都没有占领，这让我深受⿎舞。Unit5

Nineteenth-century life had dealt the ten-year-old London lad a bad hand. While his father languished in debtor‘s jail, painfulpangs of hunger gnawed at his stomach.To feed himself, the boy took a job pasting labels on blacking bottles in a grim, rat-infested warehouse. He slept in a dismal attic room with two other street urchins, while secretly dreaming of becoming awriter. With only four years of schooling, he had little confidence in his ability. To avoid the jeering laughter he expected, hesneaked out in the dead of night to mail his first manuscript. (by Willy McNamara)

19世纪的伦敦，有个命运多⾇的10岁男孩。⽗亲还不起债被关进监狱备受煎熬，他⾃⼰常常饿得肚⼦阵阵发痛。为了糊⼝，他找到⼀份⼯作，在阴森森，⽼⿏出没的⼀家仓库⾥给⿊⾊鞋油瓶⼦上贴标签。晚上他和其他两个流浪⼉在⼀间凄凉的阁楼⾥过夜，可是他却⼀个⼈默默地梦想成为作家。他只上过4年学，对⾃⼰的能⼒并没有多少信⼼。为避免可能遭到别⼈耻笑，夜深⼈静时他悄悄溜出去寄他的第⼀篇⽂稿。

(见陈⽂伯《译艺：英汉双向笔译》第152页，稍有改动)Unit6

（四）、英汉互译中的语态转换（翻译练习）

英语民族注重客体思维，往往以客观、冷静的表达⽅式叙述事物，多采⽤被动式；汉语民族注重主体思维，强调“悟性”，重视“事在⼈为”和个⼈感受，在语⾔的使⽤上多⽤主动式。因此，在英汉互译时，要根据英汉语各⾃不同的特征进⾏相应的语态和句式的转换，也称换态译法，或语态变换法。（四）、英汉互译中的语态转换（翻译练习）

英语民族注重客体思维，往往以客观、冷静的表达⽅式叙述事物，多采⽤被动式；汉语民族注重主体思维，强调“悟性”，重视“事在⼈为”和个⼈感受，在语⾔的使⽤上多⽤主动式。因此，在英汉互译时，要根据英汉语各⾃不同的特征进⾏相应的语态和句式的转换，也称换态译法，或语态变换法。

1、今天邀请⼤家来开座谈会，⽬的是要和⼤家就⾼等院校的专业设置交换意见。

You have been invited to this forum today to exchange ideas on specialties in colleges and universities.

点评：当施事者⽆需⾔明时，汉语可⽤通称“⼤家”，以保持句⼦的主动形式。在汉译英时，应考虑英语的⾏⽂规范，变汉语的主动结构为英语的被动结构。

2、如果资本主义制度在港台得不到保障，那⾥的繁荣与稳定就不能维持，和平解决问题也就不可能了。

If the capitalist system is not guaranteed in and Taiwan, prosperity and stability there cannot be maintained and apeaceful settlement will become impossible.

点评：汉语原⽂采⽤当然被动式（“得不到保障”，“不能维持”），英译时应转换为被动形式。3、During the war years before the Liberation lots of children were saved by Comrade Sung