2020年高考英语完形填空训练01解题技巧

2020年高考英语完型填空

考点

卷名20182017

2016课标全国Ⅰ20152014

20182017

2016课标全国Ⅱ20152014

2018

2017课标全国Ⅲ2016

体裁夹叙夹议记叙文记叙文记叙文议论文合计记叙文记叙文夹叙夹议夹叙夹议记叙文合计记叙文记叙文记叙文合计

题材个人经历个人经历个人经历个人经历社会生活个人经历个人经历人际关系个人经历人物故事人物故事人物故事个人经历

动词997359967839119626

形容词3533418535331934411

副词11133920235120022

名词/代词

75534384632467720

介词(短语)0010011020140000

连词0030030011020011

分析解读①

近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)选材特点：从短文的长度来看,近五年高考中，每篇短文在

200至270词之间。

,体裁以记叙文为主，兼顾夹叙夹

短文的选材灵活，题材大多为个人经历、人物故事等议和议论文，时代气息越来越浓，更加贴近现实生活。②

近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)设空特点：第一句话通常不设空，给学生提供基本信息。

重首句，易入题。通过把握首句,可以

,从而把握文章的发展方向，

确定文章的话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等达到顺利“入题”的目的。

每小题所给出的四个选项一般都属于相同的词类吗，且属于同一范畴；干扰项也多半可以和空前或空后的词语构成搭配，从而起到一定的干扰和迷惑作用。③

近五年高考完形填空(课标全国卷)立意特点:

题目把上下文语境理在第一位，词汇运用和语法知识放在第二位。

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词汇的考查面越来越宽，但完形填空的选项设置以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词和副词等，以虚词为辅,即连词、介词等。④

答案分布

近五年课标Ⅰ卷完形填空答案分布均衡，ABCD四个选项均为5:5:5:5。⑤

命题趋势

未来高考完形填空可能会继续以记叙文为主，文章长度会有所增加。

能量”，对学生的人生观、价值观的建立会有指导作用。

文章选材传递“正

四步解题

?重视首句，跳过设空，速读全文，把握大意。?1-2mins

初选

?胸怀大意，根据技巧，瞻前顾后选答案。先易后难。?7-8mins

?借助已经补全的空格，集中解决所遗留的个别难题。?1-2mins

检查

?代入选项全面检查，确保语义连贯，用词准确。?1-2mins

通览复选

五个技巧

完形填空的解题技巧共分为

5 大类，分别是词汇复现法、上下文推理法、逻辑推理法、

文化背景常识和固定搭配法。以下将通过技巧点睛与真题探究带你一一探寻每种技巧的奥秘。

一、词汇复现法

1.技巧点睛

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“词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如protect 和protection)、同义词/近义词(如road 和trail)、反义词(如wrong 和correct)、上下义词( (上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如的上义词；coat 是clothes 的下义词) 等重复出现在语篇之中。

adult 是my father

2.真题探究

技巧

(2019年全国卷

(1)原词复现

典例分析

I)However, I soon 45(discover）that much has

46 among tons of

changed since the days of disturbing reports of

rubbish. I find a 47（clean ）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths.A. equipment 答案：C

(2019年全国卷II)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one

(2)词形变化(3)反义词暗示

50

as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51(phone) number for a

B. grass

C. camps

D. stones

town in southern Michigan. Ehlers 52(called) the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 50 A. predicted 53 A. fed 答案：B C

53

their dog.

C. believed C. found

D. recorded D. cured

B. advertised B. adopted

(4)同义词/近义词Everyone started to_ 55 复现

their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy

smile and the applause was deafening. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.55. A. clap 答案：A

B. wave

C. raise

D. shake

(5)上下义词提醒

(2016课标全国Ⅱ)Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani's59—her warm smile, her nods, her for you’ 60(attitude)—were all silent signals that didn't travel through

‘I'm here

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wires.

A.forgivenessB. eagerness答案：C

C. friendliness

D. skillfulness

二、上下文推理法

1.技巧点睛

“上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。

2.真题探究

技巧典例分析

(2019年全国卷I)Hearing these stories, I’m 44

about the

(1) 挖空处向下看适

place —other destinations are described as “purernatural ”　experiences. A. silent

B. skeptical

C. serious D. crazy

用于下文是对挖空处的解释或举例

答案：B（怀疑的）

(2)

挖空处向上看适

(2019年全国卷III) When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been 53(sitting) there and standing there and taking (pictures) of each other,\" Ro says. \"The town square was totally A. new 答案：B

B. full

C. flat

55 .

D. silent

用于上文是对挖空处的描述或举例

三、逻辑推理法

1.技巧点睛

“逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）和指代关系（this、that、the等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意however 表转折，beca

（如and 表并列，but 和

和 so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。

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2.真题探究

技巧

(1)and 表并列

and 前后表达的意思应该保持一致，或存在一定的顺承含义

典例分析

(2019年全国卷III)When the light 52(appeared), Rjukan residents gathered together.

“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking (pictures) of each other,\" Ro says. \"The town square was totally

55(full) .

B. hiding

C. camping

D. sitting

A. driving 答案：D

(2)but 和however 表转折but 前后表达的意思应该不一致

(2019年全国卷I) However, I soon 45(discover）that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46(camps) among tons of rubbish. I find a 47（clean ）mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48

but the efforts made

by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49(paying off). A. new 答案：C

(3)because 和so 表因果

(2018年全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had

B. special C. significant

D. necessary

某事的结果，because+原因某got in touch. He'd moved to England with his mum when he 事的原因，so+结果

was three and it had been 13 years since I'd41(last)seen him. So imagine my

42

when he emailed me saying he

wanted to come to visit me.A.delight答案： A

(4)the、this、that 承前指代

(2019年全国卷I)Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41(bring) A. stories 答案： C

with them lots of waste. The 42 B. buildings

C. crowds

might

damage the beauty of the place.

D. reporters

B.relief

C.anger

D.worry

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(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my opinion, isn’reaching t the top. Mountains are 51(regarded) as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53(climbers) go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. A. view 答案：A

B. quality

C. reason D. purpose

四、背景常识法

1.技巧点睛

“文化背景常识法”是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。

事实上，该技巧与“推理判断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。

文化生活、

答题

史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，

2.真题探究

技巧典例分析

(2019 山东一模)After medical school, Michael moved to Southern

Step 1: 了解特定文化背景

California. He became a 3l at Mission Community Hospital. A. teacher答案：C

B. driver

C. doctor

D. worker

五、固定搭配法

1.技巧点睛

完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。

2.真题探究

技巧典例分析

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(2019年全国卷I)This 52(view) is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as

(1) 根据固定搭配直接选择

53(climbers)go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, lands of low growing plants. A .holding on to B. going back to C. living up to

D. giving way to

答案：D（A坚持；B回到；C达到、不辜负；D为……所替代）(2019年全国卷I)The best of a Kilimanjaro 50(experience), in my

(2) 固定搭配+ 推理判断

opinion, isn

’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places

by many cultures. A. studied 答案：D

B. observed

C. explored

D. regarded