公共英语等级考试三级真题

公共英语等级考试三级2021年3月真题

SECTION 1 Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 1～25略

SECTIONⅡ Use of English (15 minutes) Directions：

Read the following text．Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C，or D on ANSWER SHEET 1．

What might the house of the future be like? Grace can tell．More formally known as the Microsoft Home，her high-tech devices，along with 26 in design and construction，will change the 27 we think about our homes．

You enter the house，and Grace’s 28 , coming from hidden speakers，passes on your messages；In the kitchen，you set a bag of flour on the intelligently 29 stone counter．Grace sees what you’re 30，and projects a list of flour-based food on the counter. 31 you choose on，Grace repeats instructions tor cooking．She 32 knows what’s in the cupboard．

The day when your house will be like a family member is not that far off．This 33 of seamless computing，in which technology is everywhere yet nowhere(34 when we want it)，is emphasized in most future—home thinking．

Microsoft， 35 ，isn’t the only one exploring 36 technology can make our homes more 37 and comfortable．At the Georgia Institute of Technology，scientists are 38 systems that will allow older people to continue living 39．So Grandma’s home can be intelligently wired to 40 her patterns of wake，sleep and movement；family members would be 4l of any changes via computer．

Does spying on Grandma sound 42 ? Director Beth Mynatt says“A good bit of our 43 has been working on how to convey information without 44 privacy．We also don’t want to create 45 anxiety．Maybe she just took a quiet day to read，and the system would have to recognize that．〞

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26． [A]promotions [B]applications [C]practices [D]advances 27． [A]way [B]manner [C]style [D]scope 28 [A]image [B]figure [C]voice [D]sound 29． [A]disposed [B]shaped [C]engineered [D]conditioned 30． [A]saying [B]feeling [C]searching [D]doing 31 [A]Before [B]Once [C]Since [D]Unless

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32． [A]even [B]thus [C]yet [D]only 33 [A]hope [B]passion [C]faith [D]notion 34． [A]perhaps [B]except [C]provided [D]especially 35． [A]therefore [B]likewise [C]however [D]moreover 36． [A]how [B]whether [C]what [D]why 37． [A]fashionable [B]complicated [C]efficient [D]attractive

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38． [A]decorating [B]designing [C]delivering [D]debating 39．

[A]independently [B]enthusiastically [C]colorfully [D]satisfactorily 40． [A]receive [B]recognize [C]represent [D]review 41． [A]warned [B]relieved [C]advised [D]informed 42． [A]interesting [B]boring [C]disturbing [D]appealing 43． [A]analysis [B]research [C]concern [D]focus

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44． [A]sacrificing [B]affecting [C]preventing [D]losing 45． [A]unusual [B]unfortunate [C]uncertain

[D]unnecessary

SECTIONⅢ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) Part A Directions：

Read the following three texts．Answer the questions on each text by choosing A，B，C or D．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1． Text 1

Whenever Catherine Brown, a 37-year old journalist, and her friends，professionals in their 30s and early 40s，meet at a London cafe，their favorite topic of conversation is relationships：men’s reluctance to commit，women’s independence，and when to have children--or，increasingly，whether to have them at all．“With the years passing my chances of having a child go down，but I Won’t marry anyone just to have a child，〞says Brown．To people like Brown，babies are great if the timing is right．But they’re certainly not essential．

In much of the world，having kids is no longer a given．“Never before has childlessness been an understandable decision for women and men in so many societies，〞 says Frank Hakim at the London School of Economics．Young people are extending their child-free adulthood by postponing children until they are well into their 30s or even40s and beyond．

A growing share are ending up with no children at all．Lifetime childlessness in western Germany has hit 30 percent among university-educated women，and is

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rapidly rising among lower-class men．In Britain，the number of women remaining childless has doubled in 20 years．

The latest trend of childlessness does not follow historic patterns．For centuries it was not unusual for a quarter of European women to remain childless．But in the past, childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster of missing men in times of war．Today the decision to have—or not have—a child is the result of a complex combination of factors，including relationships，career opportunities，lifestyle and economics．

In some cases childlessness among women can be seen as a quiet form of protest．In Japan，support for working mothers hardly exists．Childcare is expensive，men don’t help out，and some companies strongly discourage mothers from returning to work．“In Japan，it's career or child，〞says writer Kaori Haishi．It’s not just women who are deciding against children；according to a recent study，Japanese men are even less inclined to marry or want a child．Their motivations，though，may have more to do with economic factors．

46．Catherine Brown and her friends feel that having children is not __________． [A]totally wise [B]a huge problem [C]a rational choice [D]absolutely necessary

47．It Can be inferred that，for many women，having babies nowadays is __________．

[A]a hard commitment [B]helpful to their career [C]essential for happiness [D]an understandable decision

48．In the old days, many women remained childless __________ [A]as a quiet form of protest [B]because of lack of support

[C]because of unfortunate circumstances

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[D]because they lacked social responsibility

49．We learn that childlessness at present __________． [A]affects Europe more than it does Asia [B]produces more benefits than in the past [C]is more a woman’s decision than a man’s [D]is more complex in its cause than that in the past

50．According to the text，when a Japanese man decides not to have children，he probably feels unable to __________． [A]help with housework [B]afford to have a child [C]be a responsible father [D]balance work and family Text 2

Faced with a mission, critical decision，who would you turn to for advice? Someone you had great confidence in，surely．But several lines of research show that our instincts about where to mm to for counsel are often not completely correct． My research looks at prejudices that affect how people use advice，including why they often blindly follow recommendations from people who—as far as they know—are as knowledgeable as they are．In studies I conducted with Don Moore of Carnegie Mellon University，for example，I found mat people tend to overvalue advice when the problem they’re addressing is hard and to undervalue it when the problem is easy． In our experiments．subjects were asked to guess the weight of people in various pictures，some of which were in focus and some of which were unclear．For each picture，subjects guessed twice：the first time without advice and the second time with input from another participant．When the pictures were in focus，we found，subjects tended to discount the advice；apparently，they were confident in their ability to guess correctly．When the pictures were unclear，subjects leaned heavily on me advice of others and seemed less secure about their initial opinion．Because they misjudged the value of the advice they received--consistently overvaluing or undervaluing it depending on the difficulty of the problem—our subjects did not make the best

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guesses overall．They would have done better if they’d considered the advice equally，and to a moderate degree，on both hard and easy tasks.

Another advice—related prejudice I've found people compels to overvalue advice that they pay for．In one study conducted，subjects answered different sets of questions about American history．Before answering some of the questions, they could get advice on the correct answer from another subject whom they knew was no more expert than they were．In one version of the experiment，people could get advice for free，while in another version，they paid for it．When they paid for advice，people tended to have firm belief in it，I suspect，by a combination of sunk-cost prejudice and the nearly instinctual belief that cost and quality are linked．

51．In the face of a mission—critical decision，people tend to __________． [A]trust their own efforts [B]rely on research findings [C]get affected by other’s opinion [D]seek help from the more knowledgeable

52．Research shows that when faced with difficult problems people often __________．

[A]discount others’ advice [B]overlook others’ advice [C]disagree with others’ advice [D]over-rely on others’ advice

53．The first experiment tries to prove how objective conditions __________． [A]strengthen people’s initial opinion [B]strengthen people’s self-confidence [C]influence people’s response to advice [D]influence people’s guess of weight loss

．It can be inferred that people are likely to __________． [A]undervalue free advice [B]overvalue peer’s advice [C]misinterpret specialist’s advice [D]misjudge their instinctual belief

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55．The two experiments mentioned in the text reveal __________． [A]how to follow others’ advice [B]how to understand others’ advice [C]what causes people to seek advice [D]what affects people’s attitude to advice Text 3

Top National Health Service(NHS)nurses will be able to earn $40，000 a year without leaving frontline patient care in a modification to salary structures． New“supernurse〞grades will be created to enable the best staff to increase their salaries without having to move into management desk jobs Currently the most senior NHS nurses can earn a maximum$28，000 a year unless they are willing to withdraw from the frontline and become administrators．Hundreds of experienced and highly-qualified nurses are lost to patient care every year because of this oddity· While only a few thousand of Britain’s 332，000 NHS nurses will qualify for the$40，000 plus salary. Fast track promotion schemes and a simpler grading system will increase the pay of many more．The government announced that a new simplified career structure would see just four grades replacing the existing six．Nurses will begin their careers as healthcare assistants before moving up to registered practitioner grade，followed by senior registered practitioner and ultimately consultant practitioner and a$40，000salary．

“Nurses are rising to the challenge of modernization，〞said a government official“These proposals will help them improve their professional role further and provide a better service to Patients·We do not think mat in order to be paid more，nurses should have to move into management·Nurses working at the sharpened of patient care should have a career structure which no longer penalizes them for wanting to stay there．〞

The Nursing Strategy will include proposals to allow more flexible training courses and Improve opportunities for qualified nurses who have left the profession to return in part-time roles·The Royal College of Nursing welcomed the reforms．The top salary level falls into line with figures it had presented to ministers．

56 Hundreds of experienced nurses are lost to patient care every year because

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they__________·

[A]dislike the nursing job [B]are dissatisfied with their pay [C]are replaced by“super nurses〞 [D]lack further training for the profession

57．The new system will mostly benefit those who__________· [A]move into management [B]work on a part time basis [C]have retired from the nursing job [D]have reached the top of the system

58．The new career structure is different from the existing one in its__________． [A]quality of nurses’ services [B]possibility of a job transfer [C]opportunities for promotion [D]simplicity of nurses’ grades

59．The Nursing Strategy will be adopted in order to__________ ． [A]provide more consultation to practitioners [B]encourage experienced nurses to work part time [C]enable the most experienced nurses to be paid more [D]promote the most experienced nurses to management 60．The Royal College of Nursing __________． [A]proposed similar top salary for nurses [B]raised the management issue to ministers [C]suggested a four-grade system for nurses [D]put forward the Nursing Strategy to ministers Part B

Directions：

Read the texts taken from five people's comments on an article on the issue of global poverty．For questions61 to 65，match the name of each person(61to 65)to one of the statements(A to G)given below Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET

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1． Ankita Agarwal：

Your article made me ashamed．I've always thought of myself as not the typical self-absorbed teenager，but I guess l was wrong．While I sit in my large，warm and cozy house．Wishing for the shoes and clothes I see in teen magazines，there are people in the world wishing for something as simple as clean water. Thank you for reminding me about people who would be more than happy with what I have． Janet Tejada：

What about the relationship between population，consumption and resources? After all, poverty most simply defined，is not having enough resources．The steady growth of the global population, overconsumption of resources by developed nations such as the U．S．，and increasing levels of C0nsumption among the growing middle class in many developing nations ensure that there is ever less of the planet’ salready dwindling resources to go around． Tadaship Kawabe：

Extreme poverty is so tragic．Sudden natural disasters like an earthquake mobilize a large number of people and money for a short period of time，while the slow but massive wave of poverty and death in Africa doesn't attract the world’s attention in the same way. When we try to help those affected by disasters and extreme poverty，however，we shouldn’t focus on the overwhelming number of the dead but simply try to do something good for others· Jane Thomas：

The poor should be trained to organize，set priorities and develop skills and resources to put their own community plans into action．What your article proposes is the conventional top-down way for doing things：outsiders determine the priorities and solutions，then throw money at them.

To actually help，we must first develop our own skills and understanding．We need to find out what the poor want and what the root causes of the problems are．We have to listen to poor people． Sanjay Kathe：

Concerned and sensible people’s endeavors to reduce poverty in underdeveloped countries are deserving of high praise．It is sad，however，that only

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a small part of the funds raised for the poor actually l each them．The generous people who donate money to reduce poverty would be more successful if they spent time in the poor nations to check first—hand the use of their funds.

Now match the name of each person (61 to65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements． 61. Ankita Agarwal 62．Janet Tejada 63．Tadaship Kawabe ．Jane Thomas 65．Sanjay Kathe Statements

[A]What we should do is to help the poor help them- selves． [B]I have always been deeply grieved by the tragic disasters． [C]The root of poverty lies in the unfair distribution of resources． [D]The situation in Africa has been overlooked by the world． [E]The use of donated funds should be put under strict control． [F]People living in prosperity should cherish what they have．

[G]it’s our duty to end global poverty.

SECTION lV Writing(40 minutes) Directions：

you should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWERSHEET 2． Part A

66 You’ve just moved into a neighborhood where you find the current public transport is inadequate，and so you want a new bus line opened to solve the problem． Write a letter to the bus company， 1)making a request for a new bus line： 2)stating the reasons for your request； 3)expressing your eagerness for solution．

You should write about 100 words．Do not sign your own name at the end of

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your email．

Use“Wang Lin〞instead．You do not need to write the address． Part B

67．Look at the picture below and write an essay of about 120words making reference to the following two points： 1)a description of the picture；

2)your suggestions on how to protect consumers’ rights．

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答案精解：

第二局部 英语知识运用 参考译文

未来的房子可能是什么样子呢?格雷斯能告诉我们答案。这种房子更为正式的名字叫做微软之家，其高科技设备、设计与建筑方面的改良或许会改变我们对于家的设想。

当你进入这个房子时，格雷斯的声音会从一个隐藏着的话筒中传出来，将你的信息传递进去。在厨房里，你将一袋子面粉放在智能设计的石头柜台上时，格雷斯能够看到你正在做什么，他还能将一系列用面粉制作的食品投射在柜台上。你一旦选定一种食品，他就会重复讲述这种食品的制作方法。他甚至知道碗柜里有什么。

在不远的将来，你的房子将像一个家庭成员一般。在关于-未来家庭的设想中，电脑技术天衣无缝的理念备受重视。在这一理念中，电脑技术无处不在，却又恰到好处，不露痕迹(除了我们需要它的时候)。

然而，微软并不是唯一一个探索如何用技术让我们的房子变得更加高效和舒适的公司。在佐治亚理工学院，科学家们正在设计一种能够使老年人生活的系统 因此，祖母的智能房子能够识别她睡觉、醒来和运动的形态，并由电脑将她的任何变化及时通知她的家人。

成天监视着祖母是不是听起来非常令人不安啊? 贝丝·迈纳特主任说：“我们很大一局部工作就是研究如何既能够传递信息又不会牺牲隐私。我们也不想制造不必要的担忧。也许她只是花上一天时间静静地看书，而电脑系统却不得不对其加以识别。〞

26．D【精析】此题考查名词词义辨析。promotion晋升，宣传；application应用，使用；practice实践，做法，惯例；advance改良，改善。此处意为设计和建筑的改良，所以只有advance符合题意，应选D。

27．A【精析】此题考查名词常用搭配。the way后接从句，表示…的方式。其他选项没有这种用法。应选A。

28．C【精析】此题考查名词词义辨析。image形象；figure身材；voice(特指某人的)声音；sound声音(泛指)。由后文的“coming from hidden speakers〞可知此处指格雷斯的声音，应选c。

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29．C【精析】此题考查动词词义辨析。dispose处理，处置；shape使成为…形状，塑造；engineer设计；condition调节。此处意为“智能设计〞，应选C。 30．D【精析】此题考查动词词义辨析。say说；feel感觉；search搜寻；do做。根据上下文可知，此处意为“看到你正在做什么〞。应选D。

31．B【精析】此题考查连词词义辨析。before在…之前；once一旦；since自从…以来；unless如果不，除非。根据上下文可知，此处意为“一旦选定一种食品〞，应选B。

32．A【精析】此题考查副词词义辨析。even甚至；thus因此；yet然而；only仅仅，只。根据上下文可知，此处意为“甚至知道碗柜里有什么〞。应选A。 33．D【精析】此题考查名词词义辨析。hope希望；passion激情，热爱；faith信念；notion理念。 根据上下文可知，此处意为“电脑技术天衣无 缝的理念〞。应选D。

34．B【精析】此题考查副词和连词词义辨析。per-haps也许；except除了；provided假设；especially尤其。由上文可 知，电脑技术无处不在却又不露痕迹，下文韵意思是“我们需要它的时修〞，由此可推知此处所要表达的意思是“除厂我们需要它的时候〞，应选B。

35．C【精析】此题考查连词词义辨析。therefore所以；likewise相似地；however然而；moreover此外，而且。根据上下文可知，此处意为转折，即微软并不是唯一一个探索…用技术让我们的房子变得更加…舒适的公司。应选C。

36．A【精忻】此题考查连词词义辨析。how如何，可引导方式状语从句。whether是否；what什么；why为什么，常用于引导原因状语从句。根据上下文可知，此处意为如何用技术让我们的房子变得更加…舒适。应选A。

37．C【精析】此题考查形容词词义辨析。fashionable时髦的；complicated复杂的；efficient高效的；attractive迷人的。根据上下文可知，此处是指电脑让房子变得更加高效。应选C。

38．B【精沂】此题考查动词词义辨析。decorate装修；design设计；deliver投递；debate争论。根据上下文可知，此处是指科学家们正在设计一种和老年人生活相关的系统。应选B。

39．A【精析】此题考查副词词义辨析。independently地；enthusiastically热情地；colourfully色彩鲜艳 地；satisfactorily满意地。根据下文可知，该系统能够在老人单独生活时监视他们，进而将突发状况告知他们的家人，所以该系统

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能够使老年人独 立生活。应选A。

40．B 【精析】此题考查动词词义辨析。receive收到；recognize识别；represent代表；review复习，审查。根据上下文可知，此处是指该系统能够识别她睡觉、睡醒和运动的形态。应选B。

41．D【精析】此题考查动词词义辨析。warn警告；relieve缓解；advise建议；inform通知。根据上下文可知，此处是指电脑能将任何变化及时通知其家人。应选D。

42．C【精析】此题考查形容词词义辨析。interesting有趣的；boring无聊的；disturbing令人担忧的；appealing有 趣的。由下文可知，该系统的研究人员在研究如何既能传递信息又不会牺牲隐 私，由此可知，成天监视老人一举一动的做法引起了一些人的不安。应选C。

43．B【精析】此题考查名词词义辨析。analysis分析；research研究；concern关心；focus焦点。 根据上下文可知，此处说的是该系统研究人员的工作，应选B。

44．A【精析】此题考查动词词义辨析。sacrifice牺牲；affect影响；prevent防止；lose失去。根据上下文可知，此处是指该系统对隐私的影响。应选A。 45．D【精析】此题考查形容词词义辨析。unusual非同寻常的；unfortunate不幸的；uncertain不确定的；unnecessary不必要的。根据上下文可知，此处是指“我们也不想制造不必要的担忧〞。应选D。 第三局部阅读理解 PartA Text 1 参考译文

凯瑟琳· 布朗，一位三十七岁的记者，每次和她三四十岁的朋友们在伦敦一间咖啡屋碰面时，她们最爱聊的话题就是“关系〞：男人们怠于承当，女人们的自立，还有什么时候要孩子——或者，越来越多地谈到到底要不要孩子。“年华流逝，我要孩子的时机也在减少，但是我不会仅为了要孩子而找个人结婚，〞布朗说道。对于像布朗一 样的人而言，有孩子再好不过了——当然如果时机到了。但孩子肯定不是必须的。

在世界的许多地方，要孩子都不再是必须的。“从前，不要孩子这个决定对于许多社会中的男男女女都是不可理解的，〞伦敦经济学院的弗朗克·哈基姆说

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道。年轻人正在延长他们无予无女的成年时光，推迟生儿育女的年龄，直到他们步入三十，或四十岁，或更久。

越来越多的人终生没有孩子。在德国西部，受过大学教育的女性中，百分之三十终生无子女，这一比例在下层男性中正快速增长。在英国，女性无子女的人数在二十年内翻了一番。

新近漉行的无子女潮流并没有延续历史的模式。几个世纪以来，四分之一欧洲女性无子女是很寻常的事。但是在过去，无子女常常是因为贫穷或灾害，或是因为战 争时期缺少男性。如今，决定要——或是不要——孩子取决于一系列的因素，包括各类关系、事业机遇、生活方式以及经济状况。

某些情况下女性无 子女可视为一种沉默的对抗形式。在日本，工作女性几乎孤立无援。照料孩子开销很大，男人不分担，并且许多公司强烈妈妈级女性重新回来工作。“在日本， 事业与孩子不可兼得，〞作家叶石香织说道。根据最近一项研究说明，不光是女人：不想要孩子，日本的男人更不想结婚生子。日本男人考虑更多的是经济方面的原 因。

46．D细节题。从文章第一段最后一句话“But they are certainly not essential〞得知，对布朗和她的朋友来说，孩子肯定不是必须的。应选D。

47．A【精析】推理题。从文章中得知现代社会妇女生育是综合一系列因素之后做出的决定，是艰难的选择。应选A。

48．C【精析】细节题。从文章第四段第三句话“But in the past，childlessness was usually the product of poverty or disaster，of missing men in times of war．〞可以得知，过去妇女不育是由于一系列不幸的因素。应选C。

49．D【精析】细节题。从文章第四段第四句话“a child is the result of a complex combination of factors〞得知，不生孩子的原因比过去更复杂。应选D。 50．B 【精析】细节题。从文章第五段第三句话“Child care is expensive，and men don’t help out．〞及最后一句话“Their motivations，though，may have more to do with economic

factors．〞可知，日本男人决定不要孩子很可能是因为财力无法承当。应选B。 Text2 参考译文

当面临重大决定时，你会向谁求助呢?当然是你最信任的人!但是多项研究说

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明我们向别人求助的本能经常不是完全正确的。

我的研究旨在观察影响人们对待建议的态度的偏见，包括他们为什么会执着于和他们自身见识一样的人的建议。我与卡内基麦隆大学的顿·摩尔共同进行的研究说明，当人们处理的问题棘手时，他们倾向于过于重视他人意见，反之那么轻视他人意见。

在实验中，我们要求调查对象猜想几幅画中人物的体重，有的清晰，有的不清晰。对每幅画，他们都有两次猜的时机，第一次没有别人的建议，而第二次那么可以依 据另一个参与者的信息。我们发现，当图像清晰的时候，他们倾向于排斥他人的意见，相信自己正确判断的能力。而当图像模糊的时候，他们那么过于依赖他人的建 议，对于自己原先的判断不确定。由于他们对于所接受的建议的价值一直都没有做出正确的判断，一直都是高估或低估，所以他们整体上没有做出最正确的猜想。如果 他们在一定程度上平等考虑所有的建议，他们的表现可能会好很多。

我发现了另一个与建议有关的倾向性，即人们会高估他们付费的建议。在我开展 的一个研究中，调查对象答复了几组关于美国历史的问题。答复一些问题之前，他们可以从另外一个调查对象那里得到一个正确答案的建议，他明白这个调查对象知 道的和他一样多。在一次试验中，他们无偿得到建议。而在另一个实验中却要付费。付费时，人们倾向于坚信这个建议。我疑心，这是由于漂浮本钱偏见以及近乎本 能的一种信念，即代价与质量相关。

51．C 【精析】细节题。从文章第一段第二句话“Someone you had great confidence in，surely!〞得知，当面临重大决定时，人们总是受到他人影响。应选C。

52．D【精析】细节题。从文章第二段第二句话“people tend to overvalue advice when the problem they are addressing is hard!〞得知，当人们处理的问题棘手时，他们总是过于依赖他人建议。应选D。

53．C【精析】推理题。从文章中得知，在第一个试验中，影像的清晰程度影响了调查对象对他人意见的依赖程度。应选C。

．A【精析】推理题。从文章最后一段得知，人们缴纳咨询费时，往往会对别人的建议坚信不疑，可推知如果免费得到建议，那么不太重视。应选A。 55．D【精析】推理题。从文章中得知，第一个实验是为了测试客观条件对人们是否依赖他人建议的影响，第二个是为了判断付费对人们是否依赖他人建议

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的影响。应选D。 Text3 参考译文

在修正的薪金结构中，一流的国民保健护理人员在无需离开病人监护第一线的情况下，将得到40，000 美金的年薪。新“超级护理员〞级别的创立将使优秀人员在不转向管理型文案工作的情况下提高薪水成为可能。目前，顶级国民保健护理员最高年薪为28，000 美金，条件是护理员自愿撤离第一线，而成为管理人员。由于这一奇怪现象，病人护理行业每年都会流失成百上千位经验丰富且十分合格的护理员。

尽管英国33，200位国民保健护理员中仅有几千人能合格，并获得超过40，000美金的年薪，但平步青云之道和更简化的评级制度将大大增加他们的薪水。 声明，新的简化的事业结构将用四个级别来代替现有的六个级别。护理员将从保健助理的身份起步，之后将升为注册医疗师、高级注册医疗师，最后是高级参谋 医生。年薪40，000美金。

“护理员正在应对来自现代化的挑战，〞一位讲到。“这些调整将有助于护理员改善其职业作用，给病人提 供更好的效劳。我们认为，护理人员不应为了高薪水而调入管理部门。理应有一事业结构使工作在病人保健第一线的护理员不因留在保健部门而在薪资方面处于不利 地位。〞

护理策略将囊括：准许更加灵活的培训课程，为业已离开其本职工作而转向兼职的合格护理员提供更多时机。皇家护理学院乐于接受这些改良。最高薪资水平与已提交给的数据相应。

56．B 【精析】细节题。从文章第一段第四句话 “Hundreds of experienced and highly-qualified nurses are lost to the patient care each year because of this oddity〞得知，保健护理人员是不满足之前的低薪水，所以离开了护理第一线。应选B。

57．D【精析】细节题。从文章第一段第二句话“enable the best staffto increase their salaries〞得知，受益最大的是级别最高的护士。应选D。

58．D【精析】细节题。从文章第二段第二句话“The government announced that anew simplified career structure would see just four grades replacing the existing six．〞得知，新规定的特点是简化了护士的等级，由六级减为四级。应选D。 59．C【精析】推理题。由文中得知，新规定的目的就是增加护士的收入，

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应选C。

60．A【精析】细节题。从文章第四段第三句话“The top salary level falls into tine with figures it had presented to the ministers．〞得知，皇家护理学院为护士提出的最高工资与已提交给的数据保持一致。选项A是指为护士提供类似的最高工资。应选A。 PartB 参考译文

说明：下文来自于五个人对全球贫困议题的评论。为61-65题中的人物名字(61-65)挑选出与他们的观点相应的观点(A—G)。将答案填到答题纸1上。 安基塔·阿加瓦尔：

您的文章让我感到很惭愧。一直以来，我总认为自己不是那种典型的自以为是的少年，但我还是错了。当我坐在既宽敞又温暖舒适的家里，梦想着那些我在青春杂 志里看到的鞋子和衣服时，世界上还有人在盼望着诸如干净的水源这样极其简单的东西。诩谢您让我明白应该为拥有的事物感到幸福。 珍妮特·特哈达：

人口，消费和资源之间有什么样的关系呢?总之，简单点来定义贫困，就是拥有资源的缺乏。全球人口的持续增长，如美国之类的兴旺国家严重的过度资源消费．和不断成长的开展中国家的中产阶级不断攀升的消费水平，让地球的资源不断减少并且难以供给。 河边正：

极端贫困实在是个悲剧。突发的自然灾害。比方地震，会右短时期内引来大量的人力和资金。然而在非洲过程更慢但规模巨大的贫困和死亡浪潮，却没有受到那样 的关注。当我们在帮助那些灾难和贫困中的人时，我们更应该帮助那些生还者，使他们过得更好一些，而非过多关注那些死去的人们。 简·托马斯：

在建立组织、学习技能、开发资源、实施所在社区的方案方面，那些贫困的人们应该优先受到培训。你文中主张的是传统的自上而下的方式：外来人决定优先权和 方案，然后给予他们资金。为了更切实际地帮助他们，我们必须开展我们自己的技能并对他们进行理解。我们需要弄清楚那些贫困的人们的需要，以及这些困难的根 源所在。我们需要聆听那些穷人们怎么说。 桑杰·克提：

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为减轻开展中国家的贫穷而做出巨大奉献的人们，他们·心怀忧虑和担忧，他们的作为是值得赞赏的。然而可悲的是，到穷人手里的只是很少一局部基金。如果那些慷慨解囊的人花点时间直接到那些贫穷国家去督查一下的话，那些用于减贫的基金将会得到更有效地利用。

61．F【精析】主旨题。安基塔·阿加瓦尔认为自己坐在宽敞温暖舒适的房子里，渴望着更多的鞋子与衣服，而有的人却连最根本的饮用水都没有，相比之下，突然觉得自己很幸福，与F项“富裕中的人们应当珍惜当下的生活〞表示的意思相同。应选F。

62．C【精析】主旨题。珍妮特·特哈达认为贫困之源在于兴旺国家和开展中国家中产阶级过度消费资源导致的资源全球性分配不公，与C项“贫困之源在于资源分配不公〞表示的意思相同。应选C。

63．D【精析】主旨题。河边正认为国际社会对地震等天灾很关注，但对于慢性的、大规模的贫困却不重视，与D项“非洲形势被世界忽略〞表示的意思相同。应选D。

．A【精析】主旨题。简·托马斯认为我们应该教会穷人建立组织，学习技能，使他们的社区实现自立，与A项“我们应该帮助穷人自助〞表示的意思相同。应选A。

65．E【精析】主旨题。桑杰·克提认为旨在帮助穷人的基金只有很少一局部真正用到了穷人身上，提出要监督资金使用情况，与E项“基金的使用应受到严格控制〞表示的意思相同。应选E。 第四局部 写作 Part A

66．【高分范文】 To whom it may concern，

I have just moved into the new neighborhood named Renmin District．Over the past weeks, I’ve found that it’s not quite convenient to live here because there are not enough buses．As far as I know，there are over three thousand inhabitants，most of whom work in the center of the city．Every morning，the limited buses are so crowded that we have to get up much earlier than before to catch up the early bus．So I sincerely hope you can add more buses to this area． Look forward to your response．

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Yours sincerely， Wang Lin

【写作点金】

本文属于应用文写作的范畴，目的是向对方提出建议。所以，要充分说明自己的理由，有理有据，动之以情，晓之以理，这样才能到达自己的目标。 【高频词句】

to whom it may concern敬启者 over the past weeks过去数周里 in the center of在… look forward to期待

Part B

67．【高分范文】

How to Protect the Interests of Consumers

As is described in the picture above，the man bought a shirt，but unfortunately，the buttons went off three days later．And the woman bought a pair of high-heeled shoes, but one heel went off after a very short period of lime．

We have to face up to the fact that the market is flooded with many fake and inferior products，which are sold by immoral businessmen at a price as high as the good ones．It is the duty of the market watchdogs to take effective measures to put a check on this abnormal phenomenon．Once exposed，they should be subject to severe punishment．In addition，we should improve the legal system to guide the conducts of businessmen． 【写作点金】

看图作文也属于给材料作文的一种，只不过给的材料不是文字， 而是图画。完成这一类作文，首先要看懂图画，搞清题意的要求。要分析画面的主体是什么，背景是什么；是一个事物还是两个或多个事物，其问有什么关联?有没 有貌似平淡，却关乎题意的细节?画面的表层含义是什么，有没有深层的需要挖掘的东西和画龙点睛之笔?

总之，要从多方面分析图画，尽全力找出题意所在，这才是成功的关键。具

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体的写法那么是要注意紧扣图画，否那么，谈得越多，离题越远。 【高频词句】 go off脱落

be flooded with充满着

it is the duty of…to do…做…是…的职责 put a check on禁止，遏制

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