试论高中英语教学中的导入艺术

试论高中英语教学中的导入艺术

【摘 要】导入艺术又称之为开讲艺术，它是课堂教学中的一个重要环节。一位教育学家曾说:“教学的艺术不在于传授本领，而在于关于激励、唤醒、鼓舞。“良好的开端乃成功的一半”，新颖别致的导语艺术必然先入为主、先声夺人，将对课堂教学产生强烈引力，使学生在学习新课的开始就有一个较好的学习境界。本文列举了高中英语教学中比较常用的导入艺术，进行简单的论述。 【关键词】浅谈；英语；课堂教学；导入；艺术

新课伊始，学生的学习心理难免不充分，师生之间难免有一定的心理距离，教师如何用贴切而精炼的语言，正确、巧妙地开讲新课，可以激发学生强烈的求知欲望，引起他们浓厚的兴趣，从而激发学生高昂的情绪，使他们愉快、主动地进行学习，并产生坚韧的毅力，能收到事半功倍的效果。导语艺术可以点燃学生思维的火花，开拓学生思维的广阔性和灵活性。思维是各种能力的核心，课堂教学要重视培养学生的思维能力;导语的艺术性可以吸引学生的注意力，启迪学生的思维，增长学生的智慧。“良好的开端乃成功的一半”，新颖别致的导语艺术必然先入为主、先声夺人，将对课堂教学产生强烈引力，使学生在学习新课的开始就有一个较好的学习境界，教学也就很容易的自然而然地转入佳境，为整个教学过程创造了良好的开端，为一节课奠定了成功的基础，为教师的顺利授课打开了良好的局面。下面将从几个方面对高中英语教学中的导入艺术进行论述。

一、情景创设，激发兴趣

在开讲新课时，教师根据所要讲的内容，准确、巧妙、生动、恰当地设计出导入过程，用饱含激情的讲述，配合恰当的神色手势，直接去感染学生，引起他们的联想和想象，进入预期要达到的情景。 如:sefc b1a unit 4 travel l13 我设置了一下导入。 t : first of all,i’d like to show you some pictures. i’m sure you will like them.(把我在黄果树瀑布下的留影打在大屏幕上。过一会儿，学生会心微笑) t : do you know where i was ?

s1 : you were in front of the huang guo shu. t : where is it ?

s2 : it’s in gui zhou province.

t : yeah ! it’s 74 meters high and 81meters wide. besides,it’s the biggest waterfall in china and also world - famous.(然后打出和我在桂林的照片)

t : this is a picture taken in guilin. there is a famous say2

ing about it . what is it in english ?

s3 : it’s famous for its beautiful rivers and mountains. t : have you ever been there ?

s4 : no,never. but i hope i can go there one day. (连续打出我在黄山、张家界、深圳、九寨沟、上海东方明珠的

留影，加之于绘声绘色的讲述。)

t : maybe now you want to go to travel to one of the places of interest mentioned above. do you like traveling in your holiday ?where do you want to go ? (与几位学生对话，分别谈论各自向往的地方)

t : so you see,our country is a great and beautiful country. we are proud of her. the topic for us to talk about today is,i believe，what you are interested in : travel. (进入下一个教学步骤。)

本单元话题和旅行有关，为了创设情景，我把学生熟悉的人物和照片画面有机结合起来，把祖国大好河山一幅幅地展现在学生面前，激发爱国之情，同时对各自游计划留下思考和憧憬，很自然地引入到travel 话题上来，增添了课堂的生动性、趣味性和教育性，调动了学生的听课兴趣。 二、巧用故事，增添魅力

一个简短的故事就可以成为我们导入新课的引子。故事的主人公可以是文章中的主要人物，或者故事的情节紧扣文章主题。我们的目的是要创造一种情境来启迪学生。在高中，哲理性强的、科学性强的故事更受欢迎。如：爱迪生和他的实验室故事可用于高一第二单元［在实验室］；林肯的故事可用于unit13 abraham lincoln;高二第８单元就可用上某人经历的某次急救故事。居里夫人的故事可运用到高三第一单元的教学。

三、设置悬念，吊住胃口

悬念开讲，可以造成学生渴望的心理状态，激发学生的学习兴趣，使课堂教学紧紧扣住学生的听课兴趣，启发学生积极思考，从而提高教学效率。悬念把学生带入一个有障碍的境界，使学生思而不解，欲罢不能，顿生强烈的求知欲望。如:sefc b2b unit 22 lesson87 . 86 - 87 两课是《双城记》连续篇。故事发生的时间是1775 年法国年代，小说讲的是一个爱情故事，围绕着法国巴黎和英国伦敦而展开，狄更斯在这个爱情故事中通过几个人物的悲欢离合来重现那个时期的时代精神。其中人物关系很复杂，在授课开始时需要梳理一下86 课的小说中的人物关系，引出87 课要讲的内容。我进行了以下导入:

t : in lesson 86 ,we met some main characters in the story called the tale of two cities. now let’s talk about them . who are they ?

找数位学生分别说出小说中主要人物，我在黑板上写出人物名字并用图形表示出人物间的关系。

ask the students to recall the relationship between each of them,what happened to them,and what’s the characteristic of them ?

t : you know syndney made a promise to lucie , what is it ? s1 : he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness.

t : yes. at the end of lesson 86,an english spy and a new character called defarge appeared. what did he say to defarge ?

s2 : he told him that the nephew of the old marquis was living in england under an english name. 紧接下去，我设了以下四个悬念。

why did the writer write about the promise ?

why did dickens refer to the fact that charles is from a rich noble family ?

why did the spy tell defarge rather than anybody else the news ?

what happened at the end of the story ?

t : now let’s go on with lesson87 to find out the answers. (进入课文学习)

通过以上问题的提出，更加深了故事的神秘色彩，使学生对小说连续篇产生了强烈的阅读欲望，做好了充分的阅读前心理准备，从而提高了阅读教学效果。 四、警言妙语、谜语导入

新课伊始，教师用上一英语名言、妙句，可有一语中的、发人深省的妙用。若是一字谜，也会有相当的益处。这样的开讲既能激发兴趣，又不乏艺术感。而被采用的内容须符合文章主体，易读易懂，易被学生接受。有关建议例子如下：

where there is a will , there is a way. ［有志者事竟成］可适用于unit8 book iii , lesson30 ［一个意志坚强的人］；when in rome, do as the romans do.［入乡随俗］适用于 unit3 book ii body language ［体态语］；威廉．莎士比亚的至理名言virtue is bold, and goodness never fearful. ［美德是大胆的，善良从不是胆怯的］与习语fish in troubled waters.可被用于高三lesson 41威尼斯商人的导入。习语hot potatoes!适用于lesson81 of book i。在上语法课讲动词不定式的用法时，我们还可以采用to see is to believe[眼见为实]；to give is better than to take［奉献总比索取高尚］；it is easier to say than to do it［说起来容易，做起来难］。若引用得好：一则生动，二则实用易记。 又如：sefc book2b unit b albert einstein lesson 50本课是阅读课，介绍著名科学家爱因斯坦。授课开始时，我首先让学生猜测一些以前学过的名人。

t : the man was born in kentucky ， the usa . he became president of the usa in 1860. he worked hard all his life for the freedom of the black slaves. s1 : it is abraham lincoln.

t : this man is a famous director as well as a comedy actor. he wore a small black hat ， very wide trousers and he always swung his stick in the air which could be recognized as his own manner of acting.

s2 : it is charlie chaplin.

t : the man is a famous country music singer. he is from the usa who is very successful and made a lot of records. s3 : he is jone denver.

t : this man was born in germany. he started a new program called communism. he wrote books on it,for example,the communist manifesto. s4 : he is carl marx.

t : well,just now we talked about some vips,some of them are political leaders,some an actor, a director or a singer. today we shall learn about another vip who is also a famous scientist and was born in germany. he is well - known for the theory of relativity by the name albert einstein. 通过名人猜想，学生们对所学过的名人的巨大成就顿然起敬，同时，也迫切想要了解爱因斯坦充满坎坷的光辉历程。增加了课堂的趣味性和教育性。而且带着老师提出的问题，积极主动地去阅读，寻找扑朔迷离的答案。

总之，高效率的英语课堂必须一改以往那种刻板疆硬的程序化模式。而是师生共同步入的一种审美境界。要形成一个教与学，知识与能力，意志与情感和谐发展的教学环境，产生一种强有力的教学应力，达到最佳教学效果，必须进行课堂的艺术性教学。 参考文献：

[1]陈琳.《英语课程标准解读》[m].江苏教育出版社.2004（6） [2]李静纯.《教学艺术讲座》[m].山西春秋音像出版社.2001（5） [3]章兼中.《外语教育学》[m].浙江教育出版社.2000（3） [4]陈爱娣.《让英语课堂活起来》[j].福建教育.2003（5）