2022年宁夏高考英语真题及答案

随着⾼考英语科⽬的考试结束，英语科⽬的试卷及其答案也被公式了出来，让我们⼀起来了解⼀下宁夏的英语⾼考试卷吧！下⾯就由店铺带⼤家了解⼀下“2022年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（全国⼄卷）英语”此⽂本仅供参考，欢迎阅读。

　2022年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（全国⼄卷）

　　英语

　　注意事项：

　　1. 答卷前，考⽣务必将⾃⼰的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

　　2. 回答选择题时，选出每⼩题答案后，⽤铅笔把答题卡上对应题⽬的答案标号涂⿊。如需改动，⽤橡⽪擦⼲净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答⾮选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上⽆效。　　3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡⼀并交回。　　第⼀部分听⼒（共两节，满分30分）

　　做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录⾳内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。　　第⼀节（共5⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分7.5分）

　　听下⾯5段对话。每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。每段对话仅读⼀遍。　　例：How much is the shirt？　　A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.　　答案是C。

　　1. What does the man want to do？

　　A. Have breakfast. B. Take a walk. C. Call his office.　　2. What was George doing last night？

　　A. Having a meeting. B. Flying home. C. Working on a project.　　3. Why does the man suggest going to the park？　　A. It’s big. B. It’s quiet. C. It’s new.　　4. How does the woman sound？　　A. Annoyed. B. Pleased. C. Puzzled.　　5

　　Where is the man’s table？

　　A. Near the door. B. By the window. C. In the corner.　　第⼆节（共15⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分22.5分）

　　听下⾯5段对话或独⽩。每段对话或独⽩后有⼏个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独⽩前，你将有时间阅读各个⼩题，每⼩题5秒钟；听完后，各⼩题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独⽩读两遍。

　　听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

　　6. What are the speakers going to do tonight？　　A. Eat out. B. Go shopping. C. Do sports.

　　7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers？　　A. Boss and secretary. B. Hostess and guest. C. Husband and wife.　　听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

　　8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move？

　　A. Their business is slow. B. The weather is favorable. C. It’s easy to hire people.　　9. How will they handle the moving？

　　A. Finish it all at once. B. Have the sales section go first. C. Do one department at a time.　　听第8段材料，回答第10⾄12题。

　　10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather？

　　A. How to appreciate art works. B. How to deal with artists. C. How to run a museum.　　11. What did Peter do in Chicago？

　　A. He studied at a college. B. He served in the army. C. He worked in a gallery.　　12. Whose works did Peter like best？　　A. Rembrandt’s. B. Botticelli’s. C. Rubens’.　　听第9段材料，回答第13⾄16题。

　　13. Where does the conversation take place？　　A. At a library. B. In a law firm. C. On a train.

　　14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper？　　A. March. B. August. C. October.　　15. Why did John quit his part-time job？

　　A. He had to catch up with his study. B. He was offered a better one. C. He got tired of it.　　16. What is Susan’s attitude to John’s problem？　　A. Carefree. B. Understanding. C. Forgiving.　　听第10段材料，回答第17⾄20题。

　　17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012？　　A. A fitness coach. B. A chess player. C. A marathon runner.　　18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker？

　　A. He was motivated by Bolt. B. He broke a world record. C. He won fifth place.　　19. Which is the hardest for the speaker？

　　A. Getting over an injury. B. Doing strength training. C. Representing Botswana.　　20. What is the speaker mainly talking about？　　A. His plan to go for the gold.

　　B. His experience on the track.　　C. His love for his home country.

　　第⼆部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）　　第⼀节（共15⼩题；每⼩题2分，满分30分）

　　阅读下列短⽂，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。　　A

　　Henry Raeburn （1756-1823）　　The Exhibition

　　This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter， Sir HenryRaeburn， comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world， it is the first major exhibition of his work to beheld in over forty years.　　Lecture Series

　　Scottish National Portrait （肖像画） Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in theLecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.

　　Exhibition Times

　　Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45

　　Last admission to the exhibition： 17.15. There is no re-admission.　　Closed： 24-26 December and 1 January.　　Admission

　　£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.　　Schools and Colleges

　　A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education， up to and including those atfirst degree level， in organised groups with teachers.

　　1. What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries？　　A. Sun. 26 Oct. B. Thurs. 30 Oct. C. Thurs. 6 Nov. D. Thurs.13 Nov.

　　2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission？　　A. £4. B. £8. C. £12. D. £16.

　　3. How can full-time students get group discounts？

　　A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.　　C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.　　【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C

　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是⼀篇应⽤⽂。主要介绍了为纪念苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵⼠进⾏的展览的相关情况。　　【1题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据表格右上⾓Raeburn’s English Contemporaries部分“Thursday 30 Oct. （10⽉30⽇星期四）”可知，在10⽉30⽇星期四可以去参加Raeburn’s English Contemporaries。故选B项。　　【2题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据Admission部分“£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.（4英镑。12岁以下⼉童在⼀位成⼈陪同下免费⼊场。）”可知，⼀对夫妇应付4+4=8英镑，两个12岁以下的⼉童在成⼈陪同下免费，即⼊场费为8英镑。故选B项。　　【3题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据最后⼀段“A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education， upto and including those at first degree level， in organised groups with teachers.（所有全⽇制教育的学⽣，⾼⾄并包括那些学⼠学位⽔平的学⽣，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每⼈2英镑的特别低⼊场费。）”可知，全⽇制学⽣在有教师的组织团体中，可以获得折扣，即他们必须由教师带领。故选C项。　　B

　　In 1916， two girls of wealthy families， best friends from Auburn， N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond

Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone toSmith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead， Colo. to instruct the children whose shoeswere held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted： The UnexpectedEducation of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden， who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’sgranddaughter.

　　Why did they go then？ Well， they wanted to do something useful. Soon， however， they realized what they hadundertaken.

　　They moved in with a local family， the Harrisons， and， like them， had little privacy， rare baths， and a blanket ofsnow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings， Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at theschoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring， the snow was replaced by mud over ice.

　　In Wickenden’s book， she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism， which of course influenced thegirls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads， which entailed （牵涉）

drilling through the Rockies， often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.　　Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism （坚忍） of the people move her to somebeautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff， on her horse， looking down from a hill top： “When the sun

slipped behind the mountains， it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only bysmall animals： foxes， coyotes， mice， and varying hares， which turned white in the winter.”　　4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains？　　A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.　　C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.

　　5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3？

　　A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.　　 lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.　　6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising？

　　A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.　　C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.　　7. What is the text？

　　A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.

　　【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是⼀篇书评。本⽂简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的书籍并对其进⾏了评价。　　【4题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第⼀段“In 1916， two girls of wealthy families， best friends from Auburn， N.Y.-Dorothy Woodruffand Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. （1916年，来⾃纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的⼥孩——Dorothy Woodruff和Rosamond Underwood——来到落基⼭脉的⼀个定居点，在⼀间只有⼀个房间的学校教书。）”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基⼭脉是为了去学校⾥教书。故选A项。　　【5题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family， the Harrisons， and like them， had little privacy， rarebaths， and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.（他们和⼀个当地家庭，哈⾥森⼀家⼀起搬进去，和他们⼀样，⼏乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被⼦上覆盖着⼀层雪。）”以及“In spring， the snow was replacedby mud over ice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。）”可知，⼥孩们的⽣活条件⾮常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。　　【6题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据倒数第⼆段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads， which entailed drilling

through the Rockies， often in blinding snowstorms.（令⼈⽑⾻悚然的⼀段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令⼈眩⽬的暴风雪中钻穿落基⼭脉。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基⼭脉的铁路建设这⼀部分是令⼈⽑⾻悚然的。故选C项。　　【7题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据倒数第⼆段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.（这本书以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奥本结束。）”以及最后⼀段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing.（ Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的⼈。⼤地的辽阔和⼈们的坚忍使她创作出了⼀些美丽的作品。）”可知，本⽂简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进⾏了评价，所以⽂本是⼀篇书评。故选B项。　　C

　　Can a small group of drones（⽆⼈机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and， at the same time， helprailway operators save billions of euros each year？ That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky”

technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe fortrains on a 24/7 basis.

　　Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing toinspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switchingpoints. The more regularly they can be inspected， the more railway safety， reliability and on-time performance will beimproved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（⾼效）across the board.

　　That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated thatEuropean railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance， including sending maintenancestaff， often at night， to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided withdrones assisting the crews’ efforts.

　　By using the latest technologies， drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways， detecting faultsin the rail or switches， before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks， drones for rail don’t need to beflying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept： the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on thetrack ahead of the train， and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and

travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead， they could signal any problem， sothat fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

　　8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible？

　　A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.　　C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.　　9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to？　　A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.

　　C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.　　10. What function is expected of the rail drones？

　　ATo provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.　　C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.　　11. Which is the most suitable title for the text？　　A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones　　B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded　　C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face　　 Drones Will Change the Future of Railways　　【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D　　【解析】

　　【导语】本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂。应⽤今天的“空中之眼”的技术，⽆⼈机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时⼜能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数⼗亿欧元。　　【8题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据⽂章第⼆段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position ofrailway tracks and switching points.（⽆⼈机已经被⽤于检查⾼压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要⽅⾯，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置）”可知使⽤⽆⼈机检查电⼒线路使⽆⼈机应⽤于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。　　【9题详解】

　　词义猜测题。根据后⽂“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on

maintenance， including sending maintenance staff， often at night， to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. （据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修⼈员检查和维修铁路基础设施）”可知花在maintenance上的费⽤是⽤于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“Thatincludes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指⼤幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路⼈员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair（检修）含义相近。故选C。　　【10题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据⽂章最后⼀段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept： the rail drones of the future. They willbe moving on the track ahead of the train， and programmed to run autonomously（⼯程师们现在正在研究⼀个新概念：未来的铁路⽆⼈机。它们将在列车前⽅的轨道上运⾏，并被设定为⾃动运⾏）”可知铁路⽆⼈机有望让⽕车⾃动运⾏。故选B。　　【11题详解】

　　主旨⼤意题。根据⽂章主题段第⼀段“Can a small group of drones（⽆⼈机）guarantee the safety and reliability ofrailways and， at the same time， help railway operators save billions of euros each year？ That is the very likely future ofapplying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and

infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.（⼀⼩群⽆⼈机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数⼗亿欧元？这很可能是应⽤今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公⾥的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运⾏。）”以及后⽂第⼆段讲到了使⽤⽆⼈机检查电⼒线路使⽆⼈机应⽤于铁路线路成为可能；第三段讲到了使⽤⽆⼈机⼤幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路⼈员安全；第四段讲到了通过使⽤最新的技术，⽆⼈机还可以开始为铁路提供更⾼的价值，可知⽂章主要讲述了⽆⼈机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“⽆⼈机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合⽂章中⼼思想，适合作为本⽂的最佳标题。故选D。　　D

　　The Government＇s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it wouldgenerate， the first official data on the policy has shown.

　　First announced in April， 2016， the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml， wasintroduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today＇s children and teenagers are consuming

three times the recommended level of sugar， putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

　　Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However， data of the first six monthsshowed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April2019， which will go to school sports.

　　It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）sothey can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers＇ efforts toavoid the charge， according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import， depending on the sugar content.

　　However， some high sugar brands， like Classic Coca Cola， have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to

change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices， milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax， as aresmall companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

　　Today＇s figures， according to one government official， show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raisingmillions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthyand active childhood is of great importance， and the industry is playing its part.　　12. Why was the sugar tax introduced？

　　A. To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.　　C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.　　13. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax？

　　A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.　　C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.　　14. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected？

　　A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.　　15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy？　　A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.　　C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.　　【答案】12. C 13. D 14. D 15. B　　【解析】

　　【导语】本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂。⽂章主要介绍了英国对软饮料征收的糖税来解决⼉童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收⼊⽤于学校体育。　　【12题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据⽂章第⼆段中的“First announced in April， 2016， the tax which applies to soft drinks containingmore than 5g of sugar per 100ml， was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity .（该税于2016年4⽉⾸次宣布，适⽤于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少⼉童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖税的⽬的是帮助⼉童减少肥胖。故选C项。　　【13题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.（此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过⼀半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税。）”可知，⼀些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。　　【14题详解】

　　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However， some high sugar brands， like Classic Coca Cola， have accepted the sugartax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices， milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks arefree of the tax， as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.（然⽽，⼀些⾼糖品牌，如经典可⼝可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担⼼会惹恼消费者。果汁、以⽜奶为原料的饮料和⼤多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年⽣产不到100万升的⼩公司也是免税的。）”可知，糖税主要来⾃经典可⼝可乐这些⾼糖品牌。故选D项。

　　【15题详解】

　　推理判断题。根据⽂章最后⼀段中“Today’s figures， according to one government official， show the positive influencethe sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据⼀位的说法，今天的数据显⽰了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮⾷筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税的实施是⼀个成功的。故选B项。

　　第⼆节（共5⼩题；每⼩题2分，满分10分）

　　根据短⽂内容，从短⽂后的选项中选出能填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain （保持） long-distancefriendships.

　　·Set a regular date

　　Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系） and share with one another.With busy schedules， squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.　　·More isn’t always merrier

　　Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and whatmethod works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication， such as leaving voicemessages or having a group chat.　　·Practise empathy （共情）

　　___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friendwho has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.　　· ___19___

　　Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible， extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track offriends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.　　·Don’t rely on technology alone

　　___20___， but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try toseek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it？ Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.　　A. Remember important dates　　B. Compensate by writing letters

　　C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper　　D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

　　E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication　　F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media　　G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind　　【答案】16

　　D 17. B 18. G 19. A 20. F　　【解析】

　　【导语】本⽂是⼀篇应⽤⽂，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的⽅法。　　【16题详解】

　　上⽂“With busy schedules， squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平⽇繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲的是双⽅都很忙碌，很难有时间给对⽅打电话，D项“尽量找个双⽅都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的⽅法，符合题意。故选D项。

　　【17题详解】

　　上⽂“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted andwhat method works best for you both.”（确保你已经与你的朋友沟通过，了解你们彼此希望联系的次数，以及哪种沟通⽅式最适合你们两⼈。）提到异地朋友之间要商量沟通⽅式，B项“可以通过写信补偿”提出了其中⼀种沟通⽅式：写信，下⽂“Thereare alternatives to constant written communication， such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.”（除了不断的⽂字交流，还有其他⽅式，⽐如发语⾳或者组建群聊。）补充了发语⾳等其他沟通⽅式，其中“constant writtencommunication”呼应了B项的“writing letters”。故选B项。　　【18题详解】

　　下⽂“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那⼀⽅，也可能是被留下的那⼀⽅”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的⼀⽅和留下的⼀⽅，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下⽂“The one in the new environment”和“The friendwho is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。　　【19题详解】

　　分析⽂章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个⽅法，是第五段的⼩标题。下⽂“Anniversaries and birthdayscarry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念⽇和⽣⽇对于异地友谊⽽⾔是⾮常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年纪念⽇和⽣⽇等重要的⽇⼦对于维系异地友谊是⾮常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的⽅法是A项“记得重要的⽇⼦”，所以A项符合题意。故选A项。　　【20题详解】

　　设空处所在句⼦的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to

sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚⾄是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加⾃觉地去维系。）讲的是我们要更加⾃觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，⽽F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产⽣⼀种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种⽅式很容易与朋友产⽣联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，⽽且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的⼩标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。　　语⾔知识运⽤（共两节，满分45分）

　　第⼀节（共20⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分30分）

　　阅读下⾯短⽂，从短⽂后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填⼊空⽩处的最佳选项。

　　Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them， there’s something highly excitingabout ___21___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.

　　However， we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___22___ at hiding. They often cover only their eyeswith their hands， leaving the rest of their bodies ___23___ .

　　For a long time， this ineffective hiding method was ___24___ as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”（⾃我中⼼的） creatures. But our ___25___ research results in child developmental psychology ___26___ that idea.　　We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___27___ sat down with an adultwho covered her own eyes or ___28___ . We then asked the child if she could ___29___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t. The same ___30___ happened when the adult covered her own mouth： ___31___children said that they couldn’t ___32___ to her.

　　A number of ___33___ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear：Our young subjects ___34___ the questions and knew ___35___ what was asked of them. Their ___36___ to the questionsreflected their true ___37___ that “I can see you only if you can see me， too.” They simply ___38___ mutual （相互的）recognition and regard. Our ___39___ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head， it is not a result ofegocentrism. In fact， children consider this method ___40___ when others use it.　　21. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing　　22. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick

　　23. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D. imbalanced　　24. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted　　25. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired

　　26. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested　　27. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor　　28. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears　　29. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool　　30. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident　　31. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once　　32. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave

　　33. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D. assumptions　　34. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored　　35. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly

　　36. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity　　37. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose　　38. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up　　39. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings　　40. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective

　　【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D40. D　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是⼀篇说明⽂。⽂章主要通过实验证明孩⼦们捉迷藏时，只遮住⾃⼰的眼睛并不是⾃我中⼼主义的结果，⽽是孩⼦们坚持相互承认和尊重。　　【21题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：对他们来说，避开别⼈的⽬光，让⾃⼰⽆法被别⼈看到，这是⼀件⾮常令⼈兴奋的事情。A.following跟随；B. taking取⾛；C. escaping避开；D. directing指导。根据上⽂“Young children across the globe enjoyplaying games of hide and seek.”可知，⼉童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别⼈的⽬光。故选C项。　　【22题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然⽽，我们都看到学龄前⼉童⾮常不善于隐藏。A. clever聪明的；B. bad不擅长的；C.scared害怕的；D. quick快的。根据下⽂“They often cover only their eyes with their hands， leaving the rest of theirbodies”可知，⼉童不擅长隐藏，be bad at sth.表⽰“不擅长某事”。故选B项。　　【23题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们通常只⽤⼿遮住眼睛，其余的⾝体暴露在外。A. exposed⽆遮蔽的；B. examined已检查过的；C. untouched未受影响的；D. imbalanced失衡的。根据上⽂“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies”可知，⼉童只是⽤⼿遮住了眼睛，⾝体的其余部分⽆遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A项。　　【24题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，这种⽆效的隐藏⽅法被解释为⼉童是⽆可救药的“⾃我中⼼”⽣物的证据。A.supported⽀持；B. guaranteed保证；C. imagined想象；D. interpreted解释。根据下⽂“as evidence that children are

hopelessly “egocentric” creatures.”可知，此处表⽰这种⽆效的隐藏⽅法被解释为证据，证明⼉童是以⾃我为中⼼的。故选D项。

　　【25题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们在⼉童发展⼼理学⽅⾯令⼈惊讶的研究结果与这⼀观点相⽭盾。A. disappointing令⼈失望的；B. mixed混合的；C. surprising令⼈惊讶的；D. desired渴望的。根据下⽂“research results in child developmentalpsychology _6_ that idea.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点相⽭盾，所以研究结果是令⼈惊讶的。故选C项。

　　【26题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们在⼉童发展⼼理学⽅⾯令⼈惊讶的研究结果与这⼀观点相⽭盾。A. explained解释；B.confirmed证实；C. contradicted相⽭盾；D. tested测试。根据下⽂“Our 19 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanketover her head， it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact， children consider this method _ 20 _ when others use it.”可知，研究结果与之前的观点是相⽭盾的。故选C项。　　【27题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个⼉童都和⼀个成年⼈坐在⼀起，成年⼈遮住⾃⼰的眼睛或⽿朵。A. parent⽗母亲；B.child⼉童；C. researcher研究员；D. doctor医⽣。根据上⽂“We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds inDevelopment Lab at USC.”可知，⼉童参加实验，此处表⽰每个⼉童和⼀个成年⼈坐在⼀起。故选B项。　　【28题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个⼉童都和⼀个成年⼈坐在⼀起，成年⼈遮住⾃⼰的眼睛或⽿朵。A. feet脚；B. nose⿐⼦；C. hands⼿；D. ears⽿朵。根据下⽂“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，⼉童被询问是否能听到成年⼈的声⾳，所以此处表⽰成年⼈遮住了⾃⼰的⽿朵。故选D项。　　【29题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们问⼉童是否能看到或听到成年⼈的声⾳。A. see看见；B. help帮助；C. reach到达；D. fool欺骗。根据上⽂“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年⼈遮住了⾃⼰的眼睛，所以此处⼉童被询问是否能看见成年⼈。故选A项。　　【30题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：当成年⼈捂住她⾃⼰的嘴时，同样的事情发⽣了：此刻孩⼦们说他们不能和她说话。A. event⼤事；B. thing事情；C. action⾏动；D. accident事故。根据下⽂“children said that they couldn’t _12_ to her.”可知，此处表⽰同样的事情发⽣了，孩⼦们表⽰不能和捂住嘴的成年⼈说话了。故选B项。　　【31题详解】

　　考查副词词义辨析。句意：当成年⼈捂住她⾃⼰的嘴时，同样的事情发⽣了：此刻孩⼦们说他们不能和她说话。A. Yet然⽽；B. Now此刻；C. Soon很快；D. Once⼀次。根据语境，此处表⽰当成年⼈捂住⾃⼰的嘴时，这时孩⼦们说不能和成年⼈说话了。故选B项。　　【32题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当成年⼈捂住她⾃⼰的嘴时，同样的事情发⽣了：此刻孩⼦们说他们不能和她说话。A. speak说；B. listen听；C. turn转；D. wave挥⼿。根据上⽂“when the adult covered her own mouth”可知，此处孩⼦们表⽰他们不能和成年⼈说话了。故选A项。　　【33题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多实验排除了孩⼦们误解了他们被问到的问题。A. instructions命令；B. descriptions说明；C. experiments实验；D. assumptions假设。根据语境，此处表⽰上⽂中的许多实验排除了孩⼦们会误解问题这⼀情况。故选C项。

　　【34题详解】

　　考查动词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.comprehended理解；B. predicted预测；C. explored探索；D. ignored忽略。根据下⽂“the questions and knew _15_ whatwas asked of them”可知，⼉童理解了问题，并能确切地知道⾃⼰被问了什么。故选A项。　　【35题详解】

　　考查副词词义辨析。句意：结果很清楚：我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。A.partly部分地；B. honestly诚实地；C. vaguely含糊地；D. exactly确切地。根据下⽂“what was asked of them. Their 16 to thequestions reflected their true _17_ ”可知，孩⼦们确切地知道⾃⼰被问了什么，他们的答案反映了他们真实的看法。故选D项。

　　【36题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.

responses回答；B. approaches⽅法；C. contribution贡献；D. sensitivity敏感性。根据下⽂“to the questions”可知，此处表⽰孩⼦们对于问题的回答。故选A项。

　　【37题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们对这些问题的回答反映了他们真正的看法：“只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。”A.ability能⼒；B. belief看法；C. identity⾝份；D. purpose⽬的。根据下⽂“I can see you only if you can see me， too.”可知，此处表⽰孩⼦们真正的看法。故选B项。　　【38题详解】

　　考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们只是坚持相互承认和尊重。A. hold back阻⽌；B. relate to有关联；C. insist on坚持；D.make up弥补。根据上⽂“I can see you only if you can see me， too.”可知，孩⼦们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和尊重。故选C项。　　【39题详解】

　　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当孩⼦在头上盖⼀条毯⼦“隐藏”时，这并不是⾃我中⼼主义的结果。A.limitations；B. requirements必要条件；C. theories理论；D. findings调查发现。根据上⽂“We brought young childrenaged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表⽰实验的研究结果表明孩⼦的“隐藏”并不是⾃我中⼼主义的结果。故选D项。　　【40题详解】

　　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，当其他⼈使⽤这种⽅法时，孩⼦们认为它是有效的。A. tentative实验性的；B.impressive令⼈印象深刻的；C. creative创造性的；D. effective有效的。根据上⽂“They simply 18 mutual recognition andregard.”可知，孩⼦们坚持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他⼈使⽤这种⽅法时，孩⼦会认为它是有效的。故选D项。　　第⼆节（共10⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分15分）

　　阅读下⾯短⽂，在空⽩处填⼊1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

　　May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day， which was named officially ___41___ the United Nations onNovember 27th， 2019. To celebrate ___42___ festival， a number of events took place at the Chinese BusinessmanMuseum in Beijing on Thursday.

　　The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___43___ （address） the opening ceremony. “As a main

promoter of the International Tea Day， the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ （large） tea-producing country， China hasa ___45___ （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can helpto build a community with a ___46___ （share） future for mankind，” he said.

　　The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued （发布） at the ceremony calls for peopleworking in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation ___47___ cultural exchanges. A four-yeartea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.

　　___48___ （strengthen）the connection with young people， the event included a number of public promotional

activities on social media， ___49___ （invite） twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hoursof uninterrupted live broadcasts.

　　The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled （揭幕） at the ceremony， opening ____50____ （it）firstexhibition： The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.　　【答案】41. by 42. the　　43. addressed　　44. largest　　45. responsibility　　46. shared 47. and　　48. To strengthen　　49. inviting　　50. its　　【解析】

　　【导语】本⽂是⼀篇说明⽂。⽂章主要介绍了为了庆祝第⼀个国际茶⽇，中国商会博物馆所举办的⼀系列活动。

　　【41题详解】

　　考查介词。句意：2019年11⽉27⽇，联合国正式将5⽉21⽇定为第⼀个国际茶⽇。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5⽉21⽇命名”。表⽰被动，使⽤固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。　　【42题详解】

　　考查⾮谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝这⼀节⽇，周四在北京的中国商⼈博物馆举⾏了⼀系列活动。特指International TeaDay这⼀节⽇，所以⽤定冠词the。故填the。　　【43题详解】

　　考查时态。句意：中国⽂化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情，⽤⼀般过去时。故填addressed。　　【44题详解】

　　考查形容词最⾼级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最⼤产茶国，作为国际茶⽇的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最⼤产茶国，所以⽤形容词的最⾼级形式。故填largest。　　【45题详解】

　　考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最⼤产茶国，作为国际茶⽇的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。　　【46题详解】

　　考查⾮谓语动词。句意：这有助于构建⼈类命运共同体。此处为⾮谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。⾮谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以⽤过去分词作定语。故填shared。　　【47题详解】

　　考查连词。句意：仪式上发布的“⾸个国际茶⽇万⾥茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业⼈⼠团结起来，促进国际合作和⽂化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。　　【48题详解】

　　考查⾮谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻⼈的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的⼀系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来⾃世界各地的29名茶叶专业⼈⼠进⾏36⼩时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻⼈的联系”，需要⽤不定式作⽬的状语。故填To strengthen。　　【49题详解】

　　考查⾮谓语动词。句意：为了加强与年轻⼈的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的⼀系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来⾃世界各地的29名茶叶专业⼈⼠进⾏36⼩时不间断的直播。此处为⾮谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以⽤现在分词作状语。故填inviting。　　【50题详解】

　　考查代词。句意：在开幕式上，中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌，开启了它的第⼀个展览：⼤道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition前⽤形容词性物主代词。故填its。　　第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）

　　第⼀节，短⽂改错（共10⼩题；每⼩题1分，满分10分）

　　51. 假定英语课上⽼师要求同桌之间交换修改作⽂，请你修改你同桌写的以下作⽂。⽂有10处语⾔错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及⼀个单词的增加、删除或修改

　　增加：在缺词处加⼀个漏字符号（^），并在其下⾯写出该加的词。　　删除：把多余的词⽤斜线（\\）划掉。

　　修改：在错的词下划⼀横线，并在该词下⾯写出修改后的词。　　注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限⼀词；

　　2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

　　We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists.Maybe it is because the combination of fresh air， smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride a bicycle， you don’tuse petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over ourcities. They often run at high speeds， what may put our lives in danger. And there were traffic jams， too. Our cities will bebetter places if we replace cars with bicycle.　　【答案】1. greatly→great　　2. lives→live　　3. 在because后加of

　　4. Whether →If 或Whether →When　　5. they → you　　6. cause→causing　　7. 去掉have后的been　　8. what→which　　9. were→are　　10. bicycle→bicycles　　【解析】

　　【导语】这是⼀篇议论⽂。作者表述了骑⾃⾏车这项运动可以带来的好处。

　　【详解】1.考查形容词。句意： 我们都知道骑⾃⾏车是⼀项很好的运动。需⽤形容词作定语修饰名词exercise。故将greatly改为great。

　　2.考查主谓⼀致。句意：医⽣告诉我，寿命最长的⼈是舞蹈家和骑⾃⾏车的⼈。people是集合名词，谓语动词⽤复数。故将lives改为live。

　　3.考查介词。句意：也许是因为新鲜空⽓、流畅的运动和锻炼的结合。because表⽰“因为”，后⾯接从句，短语becauseof表⽰“因为”，后⾯接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语，the combination of fresh air， smooth movement and exercise是名词短语。故在because后加of。

　　4.考查状语从句连接词。句意：当你骑⾃⾏车的时候你是不⽤汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是⼀个事实，需⽤if或when引导；位于句⾸，注意⾸字母⼤写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。

　　5.考查代词。句意：所以你不会制造出⼆氧化碳，也不会造成空⽓污染。根据前⼀句中的⼈称you可知，这⾥假设“你”骑⾃⾏车，前后⼈称应保持⼀致。故将they改为you。

　　6.考查⾮谓语动词。句意：所以你不会制造出⼆氧化碳，也不会造成空⽓污染。本句时态为现在进⾏时，连词and连接两个并列的现在分词，构成进⾏时。故将cause改为causing。

　　7.考查语态。句意：看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语cars与动词take over之间是主谓关系，应⽤主动语态。故去掉have后的been。

　　8.考查定语从句关系词。句意：它们经常⾼速⾏驶，这可能会危及我们的⽣命。分析句⼦结构可知，逗号后是⾮性定语从句，先⾏词为前⾯的⼀句话，在从句中做主语，应⽤which 引导。故将what改为which。

　　9.考查时态。句意：还有交通堵塞。根据上下⽂时态可知，本句应⽤⼀般现在时。故将were改为are。

　　10.考查名词。句意：如果⽤⾃⾏车代替汽车，我们的城市将变得更好。bicycle为可数名词，由句中的cars和句意可知，此处应⽤复数形式。故将bicycle改为bicycles。　　第⼆节 书⾯表达（满分25分）

　　52. 学校英⽂报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使⽤图表中的调查结果写⼀篇短⽂投稿，内容包括：

　　1. 学习活动状况描述：　　2. 简单评论；

　　3. 你的建议。

　　注意：

　　1. 词数100左右；

　　2. 短⽂的题⽬和⾸句已为你写好。