综英复习总整理

reflect on

仔细考虑… 被贴在。。 上交

放进去（钥匙适合那个门） 一点也不 有时，间或 和。。。有关

帮助理解，揭示，说明 不久 在适当的时候 弄清楚

独自地，地，主动地 回顾过去 从事于。。 就。。。方面而言

approach to doing 做…的方法 be attached to turn in fit into it

value of child rearing育儿观

make up for a misdeed弥补某些错误行为 well-intentioned 善意的

with extreme facility and gentleness极熟练而温和

promote creativity 发展创造力 worthwhile goals 值得追求的目标

not in the least on occasion be relevant to throw light on before long in due course figure out

on one’s own in retrospect in terms of

unit3

end up doing sth. for the sake of embarrass

以做。。而结束 为了。。 把事物推向极端 尴尬（有关词汇） 随着灯光亮起 向着听众讲话 一致地，一起

carry sth. to extreme as the lights come up address the audience in unison

work on doing help sb. through life’s dangerous sea

帮助某人穿越人生的苦海

once in a while suspension

偶尔 n.暂停 把。。传给某人

trade sth.1 for sth.2 用1交换2

keep sb. in suspense 产生悬念，给某人兜圈子 hand sth. down to sb. at any rate

无论如何,不管怎样 （感觉）支配着某人 在我辉煌的时代 让它结束吧

come to sb.’s rescue帮助某人

so much so that+从句 达到这样的程度以至于 apply to priority over time

适用于 优先权 优先考虑。。 随着时间的流逝

give priority to evolve to a point

逐渐发展为…的观点 narrow sth. down 缩小。 。 。的范围

sth. come over sb. in my day

Get this over with

But assuming that the contrast I have developed is valid and that the fostering of skills and creativity are both worthwhile goals , the important question becomes this: can we gather , from the Chinese and American extremes , a superior way to approach education , perhaps striking a better balance between the poles of creativity and basic skills ?

但是，假设我所做过的那个对比是有效的，并且培养基本技能和发展创造力都是值得我们追求的目标，那么最重要的问题就变成了：我们能否从中国和美国两种极端的教育方式中找出一个更优的，或许（这种教育方式）能够平衡发展孩子们的创造力和基本技能？

exploratory behavior 探索行为 parental duties desired action

父母的责任 最终的责任 要做的动作 所希望的结果

ultimate purpose desirable outcome

jus out sb.’s chin at sb.

仰头（不服地）看着某人

sb. know better (that/than to do) （不解释。。。） feel the heavy hand of interference

感觉（爸爸的）干涉像一只巨大的手

interference in charge of carry on fill out

干涉(有关词汇) 负责。。 继续进行

admit new students to…给。。。招新生

填表，变丰满，添加细节

unit4

a virtual life

一个虚拟世界

度秒如日

seconds stretch into days 1 stretch into 2 a highlight of sth. submit 1 to 2

1伸长为2

。。。的高潮部分 把1提交给2

1

at times spit out

有时 吐出

十分讨厌。。 相反地（有关词汇）

【查查版】

一些小单词同学们自己查阅一下课本

elementary tender neglect investigate promote principal exaggerate reversal dumb typical proof twist virtual fluid project restore annoy click mere startle tension intensity motion on occasion

有时、间或 与…有关

（提供新信息）帮助理解 到时候、在适当的时候 回顾

be relevant to throw light on in due course

take sth. in 接受；让…进入；理解

feel an aversion to conversely

be confronted with 遇上了，面对 jar 使不快，使震惊，罐头（有关词汇） sb. be jarred by be sucked in 衡） in sight so as to

看得见的，被看到的，（作表语）

为的是，以便于 使1和2分离

某人被。。。震惊了

被卷入。。

restore balance to my life让生活恢复正常（平

critical---critic---criticize in retrospect priority

1. have priority over 2. give priority to

take the boldest departure from tradition

大胆地背离传统

Assuming that… 假设… pick up

捡起、偶然学到等等很多意思

worthwhile goals 值得的目标 with a few exceptions 除了几个例外 be inseparable from 与…不可分离 address (to) the audience 对观众说话 in unison

assure sb.of sth使某人确信某事、委托某人某事 fade away 逐渐消失 keep sb. in suspense

使产生悬念、故意迟迟不告诉某人 hand down to 往下传

at any rate 无论如何、不管怎样 narrow down 缩小…的范围

come over （某种）感觉突然影响（某人） know better than to do sth明事理而不至于做某事 live in constant dread 生活在恐惧中 be junior to

比…低级

be short with sb. 粗鲁的、讲话简短的 interpret----misinterpret stretch

v.伸展

at a stretch 一口气的、不停的、延续不断的、 edit-edition-editorial (自己查一查) at times take in

有时 接受得到

facility 、 with great facility

set apart 1 from 2

unit5

It combines the grace of a gymnast with the strength of a body builder.它结合了有着健美者般力量的体操运动员的优雅（动作或姿态）。 bear out sth. grace

gymnast fantasy

证明某事

优美，优雅（有关词汇） 体操运动员（有关词汇） 幻想（有关词汇）

鸟瞰 对。。。有热情 和。。。同时发生 锻炼 帮某人干…

from a bird’s-eye view have a passion for coincidence coincide with work out alternate

巧合（有关词汇）

交替的，轮流的（有关词汇） 农活 有一次 降落于。。。

站起来（谓语） 仰卧 俯卧撑

紧张，强烈（有关词汇）

help sb. with sth. farm chores land on

on one occasion on one’s feet roll over push-ups intensity

lay on one’s back

翻了个身

along with=together with连同 stretch out in flight

伸展 在飞行中的

bring sb. back to earth 使某人回到现实中 in one’s mind’s eye 在想象中

2

symptom n.征兆、症状 11. 弥补某种错误行为 12. 回想起来 13. 善意的

making up for a misdeed

feel an aversion to 对…感到厌恶

crawl from bed to computer 从床上爬到电脑旁 A lack of discipline缺乏自律 forms of socializing社交方式

come over (某种感觉)突然影响（某人） be sucked in/into （身不由己）卷入 project

v.以为别人也有 日常安排

吸毒 使与…分开 面对… 结果

sb.

daily routine drug abuse

in retrospect

well-intentioned come to sb.’s rescue

14. 前来帮助某人 15..极其熟练、温和地

with extreme facility and gentleness 16. 适用于 17. 发展到

apply to evolve to promote creativity

18. 发展创造力

19. 值得追求的目标 worthwhile goals II. Useful Expressions in Unit 3 1. 舞台前方

the edge of the stage address the audience

2. 对观众说话

set apart from be confronted with consequence

arrange for sb. to do sth安排某人做某事 highlight of the week 一星期中的黄金时段 have a passion for 对…有热情 soar like an eagle 像鹰一样飞翔 coincide with farm chores be ashamed of deafening silence

与…一致 为…感到羞耻 令人窒息的沉默 农场杂活

3. 到头来让人尴尬 end up embarrassing 4. 当餐厅服务员 6. 一致地 7. 偶尔一次

wait tables in unison once in a while keep in suspense hand down at any rate global peace narrow down turn to sb. come over an honor student live in constant dread in charge of fill out line of thought junior high school

5. 为某人感到骄傲 be proud of sb.

8.围坐在餐桌旁be seated around the dinning room table

8. 使产生悬念 9. 传下来 10. 无论如何 11. 世界和平 13. 转向某人

bring (sb.) back to earth使回到现实中 in one’s mind’s eye在想象中 A bird’s eye view 鸟的视野 lie on one’s back 仰面躺着 birds in flight bear out

mass media

上面加粗的词条貌似在班长给得图片里出现了（除了第四题其他都有）

I. Useful Expressions in Unit 1 1. 被系在…上 be attached to… 2. 探索行为 3. 偶尔

exploratory behavior on occasion

飞翔的鸟儿

证明 大众媒体 莫名其妙的

12. 减少；缩小 14. 影响；刺激 16. 优等生 18. 负责 19. 填写 20. 思路 21. 初中

15. 结束某（一不愉快的）事get sth. over with 17. 整天提心吊胆

out of nowhere

III. Useful Expressions in Unit 4 1. 一周中的最好时光 2. 投稿 3. 有时

highlight of the week submit articles at times

feel an aversion to forms of socializing a lack of discipline cyber-interaction be confronted with

4. 父母的责任 parental duties 5. 揭示，阐明 throw light on 6. 最终目的

an ultimate purpose

7. 要做的动作 desired action 8. 所希望的结果desirable outcome 9. 关键

critical point value of child rearing

10. 育儿观

4. 对…感到厌恶 5. 社交方式 6. 缺乏自律 7. 网络交际 8. 面对

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9. 穿着得体 10. 广告令…心烦

12. 坏脾气 14. 日常事务 15. 依赖 17. 吸毒

16. 长期失业 18. 恢复平衡 20. 面对面 21. 找借口

be dressed appropriately

be jarred by the commercials

be bad-tempered in this state daily routine rely on

long-term unemployment drug abuse restore balance face to face make an excuse

11. 工作成了次要的 Work moves into the background.

13. 在此状态下

19. 将…与…区分开 set apart…from…

IV. Useful Expressions in Unit 5

1. 田径比赛 track and field competition 2. 俯瞰 a bird’s eye view 3. 深呼吸 take a deep breath 4. 像雄鹰一样翱翔 soar like an eagle 5. 如出一辙; 不谋而合 coincide with

6. 每隔一天 every other day/on alternate days 7. 农场杂活 farm chores 8. 有一次 on one occasion 9. 站着 on one’s feet 10. 没有意识到 unaware of 11. 仰面躺着 lie on one’s back 12. 对…惭愧 be ashamed of 13. 感到… fill one’s mind with… 14. 摆脱紧张情绪 shake the tension 15. 在内心的最深处

from the deepest depths of one’s soul

16. 在这种时候 at a time like this 17. 舒展；伸展 stretch out 18. 缓缓移动 in slow motion 19. 使…回到现实中 bring sb. back to earth 20. 想象 see in one’s mind’s eye

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大学英语四级模拟试题及答案解析

Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles can not perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old. One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph （肌动记器）, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.

Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs.

This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauer’s first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light

manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.

Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs for traditional tools have proved his point.

21. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage? A) Electronic instruments and a regular tool. B) A human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.

C) Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”.

D) Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool.

22. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when __________________.

A) they are twisted and stretched B) they are in their normal positions

C) they are tested with a human “guinea pig” D) they are tested with electronic instruments

23. A “myograph” (Para. 2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that ________________. A) is able to design new tools

B) measures the amount of energy used

C) enable people to see the muscular movements D) visualizes electrical signals

24. It can be inferred from the passage that ________________.

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A) a stepladder used to have four legs. B) it is dangerous to use tools C) a tripod is safer in a tool design

D) workers are safer on production lines

25. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to _________________. A) improve efficiency B) increase production C) reduce work load D) improve comfort

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

It’s easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it’s disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (诈骗) the most confidential （保密）records right under the noses of the company’s executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 26. It can be concluded from the passage that _______________. A) it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today

B) people commit computer crimes at the request of their company

C) computer criminals escape punishment because they can’t be detected

D) computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions 27. It is implied in the third paragraph that _________________. A) most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck B) the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C) most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D) many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered 28. Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage? A) A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced

B) Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation C) Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation

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D) Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information 29. What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? A) With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job. B) They may walk away and easily find another job. C) They will be denied access to confidential records D) They must leave the country to go to jail.

30. The passage is mainly about _________________.

A) why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment

B) why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections

C) how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employers D) why computer crimes can’t be eliminated

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and indecision makes for equality and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes”.

If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important – and that has happened in some cases – we are as badly off as before, only in reverse.

It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism” – but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism”. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that

psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit – nor the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyse man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.

The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.

Excessive authoritarianism（命令主义）has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent （相关的，切题的） not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.

31. The ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is _________________. A) fundamental to a sound democracy B) not pertinent to healthy family life C) responsible for Momism

D) what we have almost given up

32. The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and the father is that ___________.

A) the role of the father may become an inferior one’ B) the role of the mother may become an inferior one

C) C) the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of sexes D) sharing leads to constant arguing

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33. The author states that bringing up children ________________. A) is mainly the mother’s job

B) belongs among the duties of the father C) is the job of schools and churches D) involves a partnership of equals

34. According to the author, the father’s role in the home is ____________________. A) minor because he is an ineffectual parent

B) irrelevant to the healthy development of the child C) pertinent to the healthy development of the child D) identical to the role of the child’s mother

35. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A) A healthy, co-operative family is a basic ingredient of a healthy society. B) Men are basically opposed to sharing household chores.

C) Division of household responsibilities is workable only in theory. D) A woman’s place in the home – now as always.

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

Teaching children to read well from the start is the most important task of elementary schools. But relying on educators to approach this task correctly can be a great mistake. Many schools

continue to employ instructional methods that have been proven ineffective. The staying power of the “look-say” or “whole-word” method of teaching beginning reading is perhaps the most flagrant example of this failure to instruct effectively.

The whole-word approach to reading stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding, developing a sight vocabulary of familiar words over developing the ability to unlock the pronunciation of unfamiliar words. It fits in with the self-directed, “learning how to learn” activities recommended by advocates （倡导者）of “open” classrooms and with the concept that children have to be developmentally ready to begin reading. Before 1963, no major publisher put out anything but these “Run-Spot-Run” readers.

However, in 1955, Rudolf Flesch touched off what has been called “the great debate” in

beginning reading. In his best-seller Why Johnny Can’t Read, Flesch indicted（控诉）the nation’s public schools for miseducating students by using the look-say method. He said – and more scholarly studies by Jeane Chall and Rovert Dykstra later confirmed – that another approach to beginning reading, founded on phonics（语音学）, is far superior.

Systematic phonics first teachers children to associate letters and letter combinations with sounds; it then teaches them how to blend these sounds together to make words. Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned. Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences; it simply recognizes that decoding is the logical and necessary first step.

36. The author feels that counting on educators to teach reading correctly is _____________. A) only logical and natural B) the expected position C) probably a mistake D) merely effective instruction

37. The author indicts the look-say reading approach because _________________. A) it overlooks decoding B) Rudolf Flesch agrees with him

C) he says it is boring D) many schools continue to use this method

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38. One major difference between the look-say method of learning reading and the phonics method is _______________.

A) look-say is simpler B) Phonics takes longer to learn

C) look-say is easier to teach D) phonics gives readers access to far more words 39. The phrase “touch-off” (Para 3, Line 1) most probably means _____________. A) talk about shortly B) start or cause C) compare with D) oppose

40. According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A) Phonics approach regards whole-word method as unimportant. B) The whole-word approach emphasizes decoding.

C) In phonics approach, it is necessary and logical to employ decoding.

D) Phonics is superior because it stresses the meaning of words thus the vast majority of most common words can be learned.

答案及详解

Part II Reading Comprehension Passage One

21. D) 由第一段的前两句综合所有的细节。 22. B) 见第一段的第四句。

23. C) 本题考察利用上下文理解生词的能力。单词myograph所在的第二段说，这种仪器make visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle，与C)基本是同样的意思。

24. A) 由第三段的第一句中的“…a new design”可知，第二句中提到的a tripod ladder是a new design，相比之下，四条腿的梯子就是an old design了，也就是说，过去的stepladder是四条腿的。 25. D) 本题考察寻找细节。线索位于倒数第二段的第二句话。句子中的“Dr. Tichauer’s first

thought”对应于题干中的initially，后面的句子都是说明为了舒适；本题的另一线索是最后一段的第一句，Efficiency is the by-product of comfort，由此可知，Dr. Tichauer最初关心的是comfort。 Passage Two

26. D) 本题主要由第一段的内容推理出来，同时兼用排除法。由第二段的前两句话，可知计算机犯罪并非不能查出来，所以A)、C）不对；由第一段的第二句中“for his own purposes”可以排除B)。 27. D) 第三段主要讲的是我们还不知道有多少计算机犯罪未被发现，第二、三两句说那些被发现了的都是偶然的，是他们的运气不好，显然，没被发现的要比已被发现的数量要多得多。

28. B) 本题表面要求寻找细节，但实际仍是一道推断题，考察考生对最后两段的理解。为什么计算机犯罪会逃脱惩罚呢？最后一段的前两句说得很明白，是因为公司的经理们害怕the bad publicity，即是bad reputation之意，所以他们会在揭示计算机犯罪时而犹豫。

29. B) 文章有三处都提到了这个问题的答案，它们分别是第一段的最后一句、第二段的第二句、第四段。最直接的线索是第二段的第二句。

30. D) 这是一道难度较大的主旨题。答案A)和D)很相似，文章的很多地方也都讲的是computer criminals escape punishment，但这是表面的，正是因为他们容易逃脱惩罚，所以文章最后一句说他们可以到一个新地方继续从事犯罪活动，其结果自然是计算机犯罪消除不了，因此本题选项D)更佳。 Passage Three

31. A) 本题考察对文章主题的理解。文章的最后一段的后半句是本文的主题句，它明确说the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent （相关的，切题的） not only to a healthy

9

democracy, but also to a healthy family，此处的pertinent与题干中的fundamental在此处的意思是一样的。

32. A) 本题较难，表面是个细节题，但实际是推断题。有两处线索：第一处是第二段的第一句话，该句承接第一段中谈论的sharing household，指出如果过分了的话，就会导致男人被认为较不重要，即是选项A)的意思。第二处线索是第三段的倒数第二句话中“… that he does have a place in it”。 33. D) 线索见第三段的第二句话What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. 34. C）本题的线索同31题。

35. A) 本题除了用排除法做以外，仍然考的是主题句。最后一句中的a healthy democracy是从社会的角度来讲的。 Passage Four

36. C）本题的线索是第一段的第二句话，其中的relying on educators与题干中的counting on educators 完全是同样的意思。

37. A) 作者先在第一段的最后一句说“look-say”或“whole-word”的阅读教学方法是失败的，第二段分析了这种方法失败的原因，是因为它“stresses the meaning of words over the meaning of letters, thinking over decoding…”

38. D) 文章在最后一段谈到了phonics method的特点和好处，本题线索见该段的第二句话“Rather than building up a relatively limited vocabulary of memorized words, it imparts a code by which the pronunciations of the vast majority of the most common words in the English language can be learned”，可见这种方法能使学习者获得更大的词汇量。

39. B) 本题要求利用上下文猜测单词的意思。根据第二段的最后一句，在1963年以前，出版的东西都是教授使用whole-word的方法的，紧接着用了转折词however，说在1955年，Rudolf Flesch“touched off”一场争论，因此此处的touch off必然是“引起”的意思。

40. C) 本题要求有较好的综合能力才能做得既快又准。从第二段中综合出whole-word阅读方法的特点：强调单词的意思、没有decoding；由此即可知B)、D)是错的；在文章的最后一句话，作者指出Phonics does not devalue the importance of thinking about the meaning of words and sentences，所以A)也是不对的。

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