全国英语等级考试第三级

全国英语等级考试第三级

PUBLIC ENGLISH TEST SYSTEM (PETS) LEVEL 32 0 1 5年3⽉笔试真卷笔试部分答题时间：120分钟姓名________准考证号________

233⽹校公共英语站点提供：全国英语等级考试真题更多pets考试试题、考试语法及专项练习请访问：SECTION IListening Comprehension(25 minutes)Directions:

This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a se-lection of recorded materials andyou must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, whileyou are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehensionsection, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET. If you have anyquestions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.Part ADirections:

You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correctanswer-A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear eachdialogue only once.

1. What does the woman mean?

A. She prefers the artists she has studied.

B. She hopes they will take some of the paintings away.C. She hasn't gone to see the exhibits yet.D. She doesn't want to describe the exhibit.2. What is the woman's reply?

A. She knows Professor Arnold has come.B. She thinks Professor Arnold has checked in.C. She is sure that Professor Arnold has arrived.

D. She doesn't know whether Professor Arnold has arrived.3. Who answered the phone?A. James Clock.B. Mary.C. Sue.

D. Not mentioned.

4. How does the man feel about his grade?A. It was an improvement.B. It was disappointing.C. It was unfair.D. It was satisfying.

5. What does the woman mean?A. They're ready for the snow.B. Once it starts, it'll snow a lot.C. It has been snowing for some time.D. The winter has just begun.

6. What subject does the man teach now?A. English.B. Chemistry.C. History.D. Chinese.

7. Which subject does the woman like most?A. Science.B. Maths.C. History.

D. Computer programming.8. What does the man mean?

A. The library no longer had the book on reserve.B. The library closed earlier than he'd expected.

C. The professor had chosen a mystery book for him instead.D. The homework assignment isn't clear.9. What does the man mean?

A. He must hand in a full report on the exhibition.B. He is too busy to go along.C. He has to wash his hands first.D. He has already seen the show.

10. Where does this conversation most probably take place?A. In a library.B. In a hospital.C. At a bank.

D. In a store.Part BDirections:

You will hear four dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the

questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear the recording only once.Questions 11 - 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. How long has the woman been with the company?A. Only two years.B. Only one year.C. More than two years.D. One year and a half.

12. Why hasn't the woman got the new job, according to the man?A. Because she is a woman.B. Because of her clothes.

C. Because she is not capable enough.D. Because she dislikes the job.

13. What can we learn from the dialogue?A. Carl Drexler is a good manager.

B. The man thought the woman was too proud.C. The woman is not confident enough.

D. The woman thinks that capability is the most important thing.Questions 14 -17 are based on the following dialogue.14. Where is the Bank of English created?A. At the University of Buckingham.B. At the Oxford University.C. At the Cambridge University.D. At the University of Birmingham.

15. How many words are there in the Bank of English?A. 120 million.B. 112 million.C. 7,000.D. \"20 million.

16. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the use of the Bank of English?A. The way ordinary people use English.B. The way language is developing.

C. The way people communicate.

D. The way psychologists treat the mentally diseased people.

17. What does Professor John Sinclair say about one of the findings coming out of the studies?A. \"Ex\" and \"former\" are often associated with \"lover\".B. \"Her lover\" is more often used than \"his lover\".C. English language is used wittily and lively.

D. Ordinary people use English language more frequently.Questions 18 -21 are based on the following dialogue.18. What is probably the man's position?A. Dean of Students.

B. Lecturer in Speech Communication.C. Professor of Business Administration.D. Chairman of the Journalism Department.

19, What does she have to take before she begins, practical training?A. English sociology.B. Journalism 121.C. Freshman French.D. Journalism 112.

20. How many courses did she take last semester?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.

21. What year is the woman going to be in?A. The junior year.B. The freshman year.C. The senior year.D. The sophomore year.

Questions 22 - 25 are based on the following TV interview program.

22. Why did the woman eat the berries even though she was not sure whether they were poi-sonous?A. Because she was so hungry.B. Because the barriers were delicious.C. Because she had lost the faith to live.D. Because the berries were beautiful.

23. Why is finding a river important for people lost in the forest?

A. Because it can supply water to people.B. Because it can lead people out of the forest.C. Because people can take a bath in it.D. Both A and B.

24. Was the woman far away from a river? Did she find it?A. Yes, she was miles away from a river but she found it at last.B. No, she was near a fiver and she found it without efforts.C. Yes, she was far away from a river and she didn't find it.D. No, she was near a river but she didn' t notice it.25. What saved her life at last?A. A local hunter.B. A dog.C. A bear.D. A monkey.

Now you have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to your ANSWER SHEET. That is the end ofListening Comprehension.SECTION 11 Use of English( 15 minutes)Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWERSHEET.

It is an unfortunate fact of today's life that most people are growing up unable to see the stars.

The prime night sky exists only 26pictures. This is true not only in cities and suburbs, but al-so in 27areas. We have lost ourview of the stars and 28our nighttime environment as well.

Such a loss29be acceptable if light pollution were the inevitable price of progress, 30it is not. Most sky glow is 31 . It comesmainly from lighting sources that do little to increase32 safety, security or utility. They produce only glare,33over one billiondollars annually in the U.S. alone.

34science, the impact has been even more dramatic. Scientists require observations of extremely faint objects that can onlybe 35 with advanced devices at sites 36of air pollu-tion and urban sky glow. For example, some images of the objects can37information about faraway comers of the universe, helping us understand the way in 38our world was actually formed.39 ,the light from these objects can be lost at the very end of its 40 in the glare of our own sky.

Reducing light pollution is not difficult. It 41that public officials and citizens be 42of the problem and act to counter it. As43people can help reduce sky glow just by 44 lighting only when necessary.The stars above us are a 45heritage. We must do our best to preserve it.26. A. onB. fromC. inD. at \"27. A. local

B. ruralC. industrialD. scenic28. A. minedB. reducedC. dirtiedD. wasted29. A. shouldB. mayC. mightD. will30. A. but\"B. asC. becauseD. though31. A. inadequateB. invisibleC. unpredictableD. unnecessary32. A. nighttimeB. lifetimeC. peacetime33. A. costingB. makingC. puttingD. raising34. A. AtB. FromC. ForD. Over35. A. acceptedB. madeC. pushedD. sent36. A. worthy

B. typicalC. criticalD. free37. A. collectB. offerC. shareD. save38. A. thatB. whatC. whenD. which39. A. BesidesB. InsteadC. ThereforeD. Yet40. A. marchB. visitC.journeyD. flight41. A. indicatesB. provesC. requiresD. shows42. A. ashamedB. awareC. independentD. tired

43. A. individualsB. nativesC. residents44. A. fixingB. providingC. takingD. using45. A. cosfless

B. pricelessC. valuelessD. worthless

SECTION III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Part ADilrections:

Read the following three texts. Answer the questions on each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on yourANSWER SHEET.Text 1

Sometime in the middle of the 15th century, a well-to-do merchant from London buried more than 6,700 gold and silver coinson a sloping, hillside in Surrey. He was fleeing the War of the Ro-ses and planned to return during better times. But he neverdid. The coins lay undisturbed until one September evening in 1990, when local resident Roger Mintey chanced upon themwith a metal de-tector, a device used to determine the presence of metals. Mintey's find much of.which now sits in the BritishMuseum-earned him roughly $350,000, enough to quit his job with a small manu- facturer and spend more time pursuing losttreasure.

But digging up the past is controversial in Britain. In many European countries, metal detecto- fists, or people using metaldetectors, face tough regulations. In the U. K., however, officials in- troduced a scheme in 1997 encouraging hobbyists toreport their discoveries (except for those fall- ing under the definition of treasure, like Mintey's find, which they are required toreport)--but al- lowing them to keep what they find, or receive a reward. Last year, a hidden store was uncovered

in a field outside Birmingham. It consists of more than 1,500 gold and silver objects from the sev- enth century and was valuedat more than $4.5 million. While local museums hurry to raise enough money to keep the find off the open market, it sits inlimbo, owned by the Crown but fa- cing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who found it.

The find marks the latest battleground in the increasingly heated conflict between the country's 10,000-20,000 metal

detectorists and the museum workers determined to protect its precious old objects. Supporters say the scheme stems theloss of valuable information about precious old ob-jects, while opponents argue that metal detectorists don't report everything.The debate centers on the larger question of who owns the past. \"There's been a slow move over the centuries that preciousold things belong to us all,\" says Professor Christopher Chippindale of Cambridge University. But in Britain at least,the temptation of buried treasure could change all that.46. According to the first paragraph, the coins in Surrey wereA. worth roughly $350,000B. possessed by a local residentC. unearthed about 500 years agoD. left by a merchant during a war

47. What do we know about Roger Mintey?A. He produces metal detectors.B. He owns a manufacturing firm.C. He works for the British Museum.D. He seeks buried treasure as a hobby.48. In the U. K., metal detectoristsA. are rewarded for whatever they findB. are forced to obey tough regulations

C. may keep what they have discoveredD. should report whatever they discover

49. As for the find outside Birmingham, it is still unclearA. how much it is worthB. how it was discoveredC. who is entitled to itD. what it is made up of

50. According to Professor Christopher Chippindale, buried treasureA. is owned by the publicB. is debated in a heated wayC. remains a big temptationD. turns precious over timeText 2

Every year for more than a decade I've gone with some good male friends to the music festi- val. Women are not invited, butthey do prepare a picnic for our trip. The better the food, the more likely we are to continue our annual tradition and give thempeace at least one week out of the year.

When we're not eating, we sit around in circles and talk about manly stuff: women, years of this special journey I have figuredout women are different from us, especially when it comes to how we communicate. Women don't need to manufacturereasons to chat, but guys need excuses like outings or organized events.

And I've noticed that when women are in groups there can be several conversations going on at once. When men are in agroup, one man talks, and everybody else listens. It's like bluegrass jamming in a way; one musician plays the lead, and therest try to follow.

I've had more heartfelt conversations with other men at the festival than I've had at any other time in my life, partly becausethere are no women there, and partly because we're all a little drunk. It was males bonding over whatever parts we still hadleft. The festival is also the only place I've ever cried in front of other men. As the years have slipped by, some in our grouphave lost parents and grandparents,

some have divorced, and others have changed careers, not always on purpose. It seems that every year somethingdistressing has happened to at least one member of our crew, and the rest of us are there to listen and offer support.I hope that this column can offer some comfort to women: if your man heads out on

a bowling or poker night with the guys, be happy. Chances are good he's not fleeing you and the kids, but he's running towardthe conversations he can only have with other men, and he'll come home the better for it.51. It is implied in the first paragraph that

A. the trip is a relief for both men and women________B. the trip will continue in spite of everythingC. the quality of the picnic needs improvementD. the women can rarely get peace themselves

52. Men and women differ in the way they talk in that________A. men like to play the lead in conversationsB. women can strike up a talk for any reasonC. men can be engaged in several talks at once

D. women are good listeners in conversations

53. That the author cried in front of other men reveals________A. the effect of bluegrass music upon menB. the effect of alcohol on men's behaviorsC. men's need to release their deep emotionsD. men's need to cultivate intimate friendship

. What is the idea that the author wants to convey in paragraph 5 ?A. Life is doomed to be full of distresses.B. Changes are the constant theme of life.C. Friendship stays despite changes in life.D. Life consists of sweating and harvesting.

55. In the last paragraph, the author advises women to________A. encourage their husbands to improve their life styleB. encourage their husbands to go bowling or play pokerC. give their husbands chances to flee from houseworkD. give their husbands chances for male communicationText 3

Given the choice, younger professionals are most interested in working at tech companies like Apple and government

agencies like the State Department, but they are comparatively disinterested in working in the financial industry, according toa survey conducted by Universum, a researchf'trrn.

What attracts college graduates to big tech companies like Apple is mainly the cool factor sur-rounding these companies andtheir products, as the survey found young professionals were most influenced by the strength of the corporation's brand whenpicking their most desired companies.

\"Companies that have appealing consumer brands generally also succeed in being perceived as attractive employers.People nowadays love to work for companies that produce their favorite prod-ucts and services,\" said Kortney Kutsop,employer

branding specialist for Univer sum. \"Also,market success is an important factor: The company needs to be generally seen asinnovative and best-in-class in whatever they do--that's the recipe for success.\"

By contrast, financial institutions like Citigroup, whose brands have been spoiled in recent years by the collapse of thefinancial industry, ranked in the lower half of the list of 99 companies desired by young professionals.

Beyond the power of a company's brand, college graduates were also heavily influenced by the perceived financial stability ofeach company, which may explain why major corporations like Apple would rank at the top, since they are constantlyexpanding and hiring new employees. On the other hand, government agencies, which fared slightly worse than the techcompanies, may have been hurt by perceived weaknesses in recent years, given that the public sector as a whole has beenforced to freeze wages and lay off employees.

Universum, which surveyed more than 10,000 young professionals who graduated from col- lege in the last eight years, alsofound that many of them are looking to switch jobs in the near fu- ture. In fact, half of those surveyed claimed to have appliedto other jobs in the past year and a quarter plan to switch jobs within six months, suggesting that the organizations at the topof this list may be flooded with new applications in the coming months.56. The Universum survey found that college graduates________A. are sponsored by government agenciesB. refuse to work in the financial industry

C. are given better choices in employmentD. prefer to work at major tech companies

57. According to Kortney Kutsop, young professionals nowadays________A. are brand-oriented in job huntingB. are brand-conscious in consumptionC. are eager to be innovative employeesD. are eager to get the recipe for success

58. Citigroup has become less appealing to young job seekers due to________A. its inadequate serviceB. its mined reputationC. its lack of creativityD. its heavy workload

59. Compared with those at tech companies, jobs at government agencies in recent years________A. are better paidB. are better ratedC. are less secureD. are less demanding

60. In the survey, a majority of young professionals who graduated from college in the last eight years________A. are influenced by f'mancial instabilityB. are employed by big tech companiesC. have decided to change their careersD. have found jobs in the public sectorPart BDirections:

Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the future of reading.

For questions 61-65, match the name of each person (61-65) to one of the statements (A-G)given below. Mark your answerson your ANSWER SHEET.Paul:

I think books will be more affordable. They are pretty expensive. Publishers are so silly be-cause they focus on \"We're notgoing to be selling so many hardcover books at $26. \" But you're going to sell infinitely more electronically, so what are youcomplaining about? I view it as a grea-ter opportunity. My e-reader is great because I travel, and I don't want to carry a billionthings with me.David:

I don't own an e-reader, and I've never read a page on an e-reader. I do everything I can to avoid more screen time. Not toplay down the value of a physical book, when it comes to somebody investing in one, it's something you want to keep. Youhave to give readers a choice, between a ric- her experience with physical books, and a more lifeless experience through anelectronic reader.James:

The new immigrants don't shoot the old inhabitants when they come in. One technology tends to supplement rather than

substitute. How you read is not as important as: Will you read? Will you read something that's a book-the sustained train ofthought of one person speaking to another?

Search techniques are embedded in e-books that invite people to dip into something rather than follow a full train of thought.Alex:

We've maintained in the last few years there will be fewer bookstores. We have the best busi-ness model in the world. Booksare still a majority of what we sell in stores, but they are becoming less and less. About 50 percent of physical books are soldin non-bookstore outlets, like drugstores and club stores. There are people with agendas in this industry, but the physicalbook is going no- where. William:

E-readers take out the paper middleman and give me what I want from books: the words. My e-reader has allowed me to readmore than ever. When I travel I can take five books with me all without cutting down a single tree or using any extra jet fuel.Books made of paper can be beautiful, but they are never as beautiful as the words in the best of them.

Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.Statements61. Paul62. David63. James. Alex65. William

A. I prefer physical books to e-books.B. E-books are environmentally friendly.C. The market for physical books is shrinking.D. What counts is not how but how well you read.E. E-reading will benefit, rather than harm, publishers.F. The price of hardcover books will be greatly lowered.F. Non-bookstore outlets add to the growth of physical books.SECTION IV Writing(40 minutes)Directions:

You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on your ANSWER SHEET.Part A

66. You are the organizer of an English speech contest, and you want to invite a foreign teacher in your school to be a judge.Write an email to him,

1) telling him about the contest(time, location, topic, etc. );

2) expressing your hope for his participation and his reply to your message. You should write approximately 100 words. Donot use your own name at the end of your email. Use \"Wang Lin\" instead.Part B

67. Below is a picture showing a young woman who works at home. Write an essay of about 120 words making reference tothe following points:

1) the possible reasons why some people choose to work at home;

2) the strengths and weaknesses of working at home.

参及精析第⼀部分听⼒理解1-5 CDDBC6-10 CDBBA11-15 CBDDA16-20 DCDBC21 -25 DADCD听⼒部分录⾳材料Part A

1. M: How did you like the new exhibit at the art gallery?W: I still haven't been able to take any time out from studying.2. M: Has Professor Arnold from Sydney University arrived?W: I'll have to check. Then I'll get back to you straight away.3. W: .

M: Hello. James Clock speaking. May I have a word with Mary?W: I'll just see if she's in.M: Right you are.

W: I'm afraid she's not here.

4. W: You look exhausted this morning, Steve.

M: I am pretty tired. I stayed up nearly all night getting ready for a mid- term exam this morning.W: Have you gotten the results of the test yet?

M: Yes, and unfortunately, my grade could have been much better.5. M: I think it's starting to snow.

W: Starting to snow? The ground's already covered.6. M: Good morning. Mary, bow's it going?W: Pretty good, Bill. How about you?

M: Oh. I'm OK. How is that English class you're teaching?

W: It's going really well. I have a great class this year. I've got 30 smdea. M: That's good. I love to teach English. I'm onlyteaching history now.

7. M: I like science more than maths, but history is my favorite subject.W: But I think computer programming is the best.

8. W: Were you able to use the book that Dr. Nelson put on reserve for our homework? M: No, I wasn't. It's a mystery to mewhy the library closed early.

9. W: Are you coming with me to the art show?M: No, I'm too busy with another project.M: How long can I keep them?

W: Ten days. Then you will have to return them; otherwise you will be fined for being overdue.Part B

Questions 11 - 13

W: We've got a new manager in our department.M: Oh? You hoped to get that job, didn't you?W: Yes, I did.

M: I'm sorry. That's too bad. Who is it? Who got the job, I mean?

W: Sortaeone called Drexler. Carl Drexler. He's been with the company only two years. I've been here longer. And I knowmore about the job, too!

M: Hmm. Why do you think they gave it to him and not to you?W: Because I'm the wrong sex, of course!

M: You mean you didn't get the job because you're a woman?W: Yes, that probably was it! It isn't fair.M: What sort of clothes does he wear?W: A dark suit. White shirt. A tie. Why?M: Perhaps that had something to do with it.

W: You mean you think I didn't get the job because I come to work in jeans and a sweater?M: It's possible, isn't it?

W: Do you really think I should wear different clothes?M: ps you should think about it.

W: Why should I wear a skirt? Or a dress?

M: I'm not saying you should. I'm saying you should think about it.That's all!

W: Why should I do that? I'm good at my job! That's the only importanttl'fing ! M: Hmm. Perhaps it should be the only importantthing. But it isn't. Notin this company.Questions 14 -17

M: Have you heard of the Bank of English?

W: No, I haven't. Can you tell me something about it?

M: Well, I'd love to. The largest body of English words gathered togeth-er for linguistic research in one computer referencesource is the Bank of English corpus or word bank at the University of Birmingham. The computer database has 120 millionwords in it. The vocabulary which an ordinary English speaker would draw on in normal conversation is around 7,000 words.The Bank of English has been put together from the everyday use of English found in England in current newspapers such asThe Times of London, publications like magazines, radio pro- grammes like those of the BBC and today's books.W: What's the use of the Bank of English?

M: It is used for research into the way ordinary people use English today, for linguists studying the way language isdeveloping and for psychol- ogists looking at the way people communicate with each other.W: Could you give me an example so that I can know it better?

M: Well, let's take the word \"lover\" as an example. One finding was that the words most often associated with \"lover\" were\"ex\" and \"formerhe phrase \"her lover\" occurred more often than \"his lover\". Professor John Sinclair who is in charge of the Bank of Englishsays one of the findings that comes out of the studies is the wit and liveliness with which ordinary people use the Englishlanguage.

W: Thank you very much. I know a lot about it now.Questions 18 - 21

W: Dr. Steven, I am thinking about changhg my major before the end of the freshman year.M: What are you studying now?

W: I am taking three general requirements and American history and American literature this semester. Last semester I tookfour require- ments and freshman French.

M: I believe it's not too late to change your major because you've mainly taken general requirements which all freshmen haveto take. Also we have twelve electives so the two lit courses will be included in them, so you can change your major withoutlosing any credits.

W: I am very happy to know I am still able to change my major. I am in- terested in writing newspaper articles, and afterfinishing my degree I

would like to work for some newspaper ftrrn.M: Oh, I think you will be a good writer.

W: Dr. Steven, when do students start practical training?

M: They don't begin practical training in reporting until the sophomore

year. Journalism 121 normally is taken in the freshman year as a gen-eral background course.

W: I see. I will take the course next semester. Thank you very much for your help. M: You're welcome. I look forward to seeingyou in my department.Questions22-25

M: Now let' s welcome Mrs. Green to our program!W: Thank you.

M: So what's the story you want to share with us?

W: Well, it was an experience in a forest and I was lost. First I found some berries.

I did not know what they were, or if they were good to eat or poisonous. However, I was so hungry that I had to eat some-thing. Then while I was eating the berries, I remembered that when you are lost in the forest, you are supposed to look for ariver, firstly because you need water to drink, and also because rivers lead out of the forest. So I set out to try to find a river.

M: But you could have been miles away from a river!

W: I was. I walked all day until I couldn't walk any more, but I found nothing. That evening, ! realized that I might never find myway out. I might die in the forest and no one would ever find me.M: Wow! You must have felt really lonely.

W: I did, but just as I was starting to feel really depressed, I saw a mon- key sitting in a tree. He had come over to see what Iwas doing and he started chattering at me and leaping from branch to branch. That made me laugh. I decided at that momentthat somehow I was going to survive.第⼆部分英语知识运⽤

如今⼤部分⼈在⽣活中很难看到天空中的繁星，这真是⼀件憾事。星光灿烂的夜空只有在图⽚⾥才能见到。不仅城市和郊区是这样，连乡村也是如此。我们不但看不到星星，同样这也污染了夜空的环境。如果光污染是⼈类进步所不可避免要付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以被接受，但事实并⾮如此。⼤多数⼈⼯⽩昼是不必要的，因为它们并⾮是⽤来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光。仅在美国⼀年就在此项上花费⼗亿多美元。光污染给科学带来的影响更加严重。科学家们需要⽤精密仪器观察极其细微的物体，这种观测需在没有空⽓污染和城市灯光的环境下才能进⾏。例如，⼀些物体的影像可以提供宇宙遥远⾓落的信息，帮助我们了解地球实际形成的⽅式。然⽽，这些物体发出的光线可能在到达地球时被⼈⼯光源所覆盖⽽消失。减少光污染并不难，需要和公民们意识到这个问题并⾯对它。就个⼈⽽⾔，仅在必要时使⽤照明，就能有助于⼤幅减少⼈⼯⽩昼现象。

闪耀在我们上空的星星是⽆价的⽂明遗产，我们必须尽我们所能去保护它。

26．C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。on“在…之上”；from“来⾃…”；in“在…⾥”；at“在(场合)”。根据句意，应是“在图⽚⾥”，C选项符合题意，故选C。

27．B【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。local“当地的”；rural“乡村的”；industrial“⼯业的”；scenic“风景优美的”。前⽂提到城市、郊区，此处应为乡村，rural符合题意，故选B。

28．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。ruin“毁坏”；reduce“减少”；dirty“污染”；waste“浪费”。此处为污染夜空，C选项符合题意，故选C。

29．C【精析】本题考查的是情态动词⽤法。此句中的if是⾮真实条件句，是⼀种虚拟和假设，如果光污染是进步所必须付出的代价，那么这种损失或许可以接受，might符合题意，故选C。

30．A【精析】本题考查的是上下⽂语义的衔接。此句是虚拟，事实并⾮如此，所以应⽤转折，故选A。、

31．D【精析】本题考查形容词辨析。inadequate“不恰当的”；invisible“看不见的”；unpredictable“不可预知的”；

unnecessary“不必要的”。由上下⽂可知，此处应表达的是许多⼈⼯照明其实是不必要的，unnecessary符合题意，故选D。32．A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。由上⽂说⼈⼯⽩昼是不必要的，下⽂解释原因，“它们并⾮是⽤来增加夜晚安全或照明的，它们只是发出耀眼的光”。nighttime“夜晚”；lifetime“⼀⽣”；peace—time“和平时期”；longtime“长时间”。由题意可知A选项正确，故选A。

33．A【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。cost“花费”；make“制作”；put“放置”；raise“提⾼”。此处是说花费美国⼗亿美⾦，故选A。

34．C【精析】本题考查介词词义辨析。at“在(场合)”；from“来⾃…”；over“超过，在…之上”；for“对…来说”。此处是对于科学来说，for符合题意，故选C。

35．B 【精析】本题考查动词搭配。此处的动词是跟前⾯的observations搭配的，只有make符合，故选B。36．D【精析】本题考查固定搭配。四个选项中，只有free可以和后⾯的of搭配，表⽰“没有、免除”，故选D。

37．B【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。collect“收集”；offer“提供”；share“分享”；save“保存”。此处意为⼀些物体的影像可以为研究提供信息，0ffer符合题意，故选B。38．D【精析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。此引导词要修饰先⾏词way，前⾯⼜有in搭配，应为in which表⽰⼀种⽅式，故选D。

39．D【精析】本题考查连词⽤法。根据上下⽂意思，此处应为转折，besides“⽽且”；instead“⽽不是”；therefore“因此”；yet“然⽽”。故选D。

40．C【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。march“⾏进”；visit“参观”；joumey“旅途”；flight“飞⾏”。此处意为这些物体的光线可能

在到达地球的途中被覆盖，只有journey 有旅途之意，故选C。

41．C【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。此处意为要减少光污染需要和公民去解决。indicate“指出”；prove“证明”；require“要求”；show“显⽰”。故选C。

42．B【精析】本题考查固定搭配。此处意为和公民要意识到光污染的问题。be aware of“意识到”，故选B。

43．A【精析】本题考查名词词义辨析。前⾯说和公民要意识到光污染的问题，此处是说作为个⼈，应该怎么做。individual“个⼈”；native“本地⼈”；resident“居民”；victim“受害者”。故选A。

44．D【精析】本题考查动词词义辨析。fix“修理”；provide“提供”；take“带⾛”；use“使⽤”。根据句意，此处意为只在必要时使⽤照明，故选D。

45．B 【精析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。costless“不花钱的”；value—less“不值钱的”；worthless“⽆⽤的”；priceless“⽆价的”。由下句“我们必须尽我们所能去保护它”可知，此处意为⽆价的⽂明遗产，故选B。第三部分阅读理解Part AText 1

在15世纪中期，⼀位来⾃伦敦的富有商⼈将6700多枚⾦币和银币埋藏在萨⾥的⼀座倾斜的⼭坡⾥。他当时在躲避玫瑰战争，打算在战争结束时再返回，但是他却没能回来。这些⾦银币⼀直藏在地下，直到1990年九⽉的⼀个夜晚，当地的⼀位居民

Roger Mintey偶然间⽤⼀种探测⾦属的仪器发现了它们。Mintey发现的⾦银币⼤约价值35万美⾦(⼤部分硬币现保存在⼤不列颠博物馆)，这笔钱⾜够他辞去⼩⼯⼚的⼯作并继续搜寻剩下的宝藏。

但是这种挖掘在当时的英国是备受争议的。在许多欧洲国家，⾦属探测者或使⽤⾦属探测器的⼈都将⾯临严厉的法律制裁。然⽽，l997年

英国官⽅颁布了⼀项新制度，⿎励爱好者们上报他们的发现(除了那些属于宝藏范围内的物品，Mintey的发现就属于此范围，必须上报)，但允许他们拥有发现的物品或上报赢得奖励。去年，在伯明翰郊外发现了⼀处隐秘的仓库。该仓库中藏有1500多件7世纪的⾦制品和银制品，价值⾼达450多万美元。正当当地的博物馆急着筹集资⾦去购买这些制品以免其流⼊市场时，它的归属权还在争论，其皇族拥有者遭到了⼟地拥有者及发现者的指责。

这些被发现的物品激发了英国l⾄2万⾦属探测者和博物馆⼒图保护⽂物的⼯作⼈员之间的⽩热化的战争。⽀持者认为此制度阻⽌了珍贵⽂物的流失，⽽反对者认为⾦属探测者们不会上报所有东西。这场争论的重点在于到底谁应该拥有历史遗产。剑桥⼤学的Chris—topherChippindale教授说道，“过去⼏个世纪以来，⼈们渐渐开始认为这些珍贵的⽂物属于我们所有⼈”。但是⾄少在英国，这些埋葬的宝藏诱惑着很多⼈，从⽽改变了⼀切。

46．D【精析】细节题。关于萨⾥的硬币，从⽂章第⼀段第⼀、⼆句“…awell—to—do merchant from London buried morethan 6，700．．．He was fleeing the War of the Roses…”可知，这些硬币是被⼀位商⼈在战争中留下的，D正确。由第⼀段最后⼀句“Mintey’s find--much ofwhich now sits in the British Museum--eamed him roughly$350．000…spend more time

pursuing lost treasure．”可知Mintey发现的⾦银币⼤约值三⼗五万美元，但他并没有发现全部的，题⼲问的是埋在底下的全部⾦币的信息，所以A不正确；第⼀段没

有提及归属权的问题，故8错误；由第⼀段开头可知，⾦币是在15世纪中期(⼤约l650年左右)埋藏的，l990年发现，中间⼤约340年左右，故C不正确。综上所述，故选D。47．D【精析】推断题。由⽂章第⼀段可知，Mintey只是使⽤⾦属探测器发现了⾦币，并不是他发明了⾦属探测器，故A不正确。由第⼀段最后⼀句可知，Mintey是在⼀家⼯⼚⼯作，并不是拥有⼀家⼯⼚，故B、C不正确。从⽂章第⼀段最后两句可知，Roger Mintey是偶然间⽤⾦属探测器发现的并且他在⼀家⼩⼯⼚⼯作，第⼆段第三句也提到⿎励爱好者上报他们的发现，并举了Mintey的例⼦，由此可推断Mintey只是将此作为爱好，故选D。

48．C【精析】细节题。根据第⼆段第三句“In the U．K．，however，offi—cials introduced a scheme in l997 encouraginghobbyists to repoa their discoveries(…)⼀but allowing them to keep what they find．Or receive a reward．”可知，在英国，出台⿎励⼈们上报发现的物品，但是允许他们拥有，故选c。

49．C【精析】推断题。根据⽂章第⼆段最后⼀句“While local muse umshurry to raise enough money to keep the find off theopen market，it sits in limb0，owned by the Crown but facing claims by the landowner and the metal detectorist who findit．”可知，关于该宝藏的归属权还在争论中，故选C。

50．A【精析】细节题。从⽂章最后⼀段第⼆句“1here’S been a slow more over the centuries that precious old things belongto US all．”可知，这位教授认为这些宝藏或⽂物是属于⼤家共有的，故选A。Text 2

近⼗⼏年来，每年我都会和⼀些男性好友去参加⾳乐节。我们没有带上妻⼦，但是她们会为我们的旅途准备野餐⾷物。⾷物越丰盛，我们就越有可能继续我们每年的传统，留给她们⼀年当中⾄少⼀星期的放松时间。

当我们吃完饭时，我们会围坐⼀圈谈论男性话题，⼤部分是关于⼥性。在许多年的特殊旅⾏后，我意识到⼥性和我们是不同的，特别是关于交流⽅式。⼥性们不⽤找理由去聊天，⽽男⼈却需要如外出或组织活动等理由来进⾏交流。

我注意到当有⼀群⼥性时，会⽴刻产⽣许多话题。但在⼀群男性中，当⼀位男性在说话时，其他男性都在倾听。就像即兴演出蓝草⾳乐，⼀⼈主奏，其他⼈合奏。

与其他时候相⽐，⼤多是在⾳乐节的时候我跟好友有过推⼼置腹的交谈，⼀部分是因为没有⼥性在场，还有⼀部分是因为我们都有点喝醉了。这是⼀种我们所具有的超越任何事物的兄弟情谊。我也只在⾳乐节时在其他男性朋友⾯前⼤哭过。时光荏苒，我们这群兄弟中，有⼈失去了⽗母，有⼈失去了祖⽗母，有⼈离婚，也有⼈换了职业，当然，这些都并⾮刻意。似乎每年我们中⾄少有⼀⼈会发⽣这样令⼈悲痛的事情，这时其他⼈就会倾听并给予他⽀持。我希望这个栏⽬会给⼥性带来⼀些安慰。如果你的丈夫晚上和朋友出去打保龄球或玩扑克，你应该要感到⾼兴。他很有可能不是在逃避你和孩⼦，⽽是跟他的朋友聊⼀些只能和他们谈的话题，他之后就会回家，这样反⽽更好。

51．A【精析】推断题。⽂章第⼀段介绍了作者每年⼀次和男性友⼈的⾳乐之旅，跟他们⼀起放松，同样留给妻⼦们⼀年当中⾄少⼀星期的放松时间。由此可推断，这个旅⾏对男性和⼥性来说都是放松时间。故选A。

52．B【精析】细节题。由⽂章第⼆段最后⼀句“Women don’t need to manufacture reasons to chat，but guys need excuseslike outings or organized events．”可知，⼥⼈们不⽤找理由去聊天，⽽男⼈却需要如外出或组织活动等理由。故选B。53．C【精析】推断题。由⽂章可知，这个⾳乐节只有男⼠参加，他们都是亲密的朋友，作者只有在这才哭过，可以推断出，男⼠们也需要释放他们的情感。故选C。

．C【精析】推断题。从⽂章第五段可知，尽管男性朋友的⽣活中总会出现这样那样的事故，但是⼤家都会倾听并⽀持他，由此可推断，不管⽣活怎么改变，友谊会⼀直不变。故选C。

55．D【精析】推断题。⽂章最后⼀段，作者建议如果你的丈夫出去打保龄球或者打牌，你应该要感到⾼兴，因为他在跟男性之间进⾏交流，从朋友那获得⽀持和帮助。由此可知，作者建议妻⼦应给丈夫们机会去讲⾏男性之间的交流．故诜D．Text 3

根据Universum调查公司的⼀项调查，如果有机会，与⾦融机构相⽐，⼤学毕业⽣更愿意去苹果之类的技术公司或这样的机构就职。

苹果这样的⼤型技术公司吸引⼤学毕业⽣的主要原因是这些公司和产品所具有的品牌影响⼒。调查发现，当毕业⽣挑选其理想公司时，特别看重企业的品牌影响⼒。

Universum公司研究雇主品牌的专家Kortney Kutsop说，“对消费者有吸引⼒的品牌公司同样会成功吸引求职者。如今，⼈们愿意在⽣产⾃⼰喜欢的产品和服务的公司就业。市场成功是另⼀个重要的因素：公司需要公众的认可，他们具有创新意识并在同⾏业内领先，这就是成功的秘诀。”

相⽐之下，像花旗集团这样的⾦融机构随着近⼏年⾦融市场的坍塌，企业的品牌也遭到重创。在调查列举的99个公司中，⾦融机构在年轻求职者希望就业的排名上靠后。

除了公司品牌的影响⼒，⼤学毕业⽣还⾮常看重公司的预期⾦融稳定性。这也解释了为什么像苹果这样的⼤公司会排名前列，因为它们在不断发展并招纳新员⼯。然⽽，机构跟这些技术公司相⽐要逊⾊，鉴于公共部门作为⼀个整体却被迫冻结⼯资并辞退员⼯，所以机构可能会受近⼏年不景⽓环境的影响。

Universum在对过去8年1万多名毕业⽣的调查中还发现他们当中许多⼈考虑换⼯作。事实上，接受调查者中有⼀半⼈都在前⼀年曾申请过别的⼯作，并且有四分之⼀的⼈计划在半年内换⼯作。这些表明了在这份公司名单中排名前列的公司将在近⼏个⽉内被求职者的信件所淹没。

56．D【精析】细节题。从⽂章的第⼀段“Given the choice，younger pro-fessionals ale most interested in working at techcompanies like Apple and government agencies like the State Department，but they ale comparatively disinterested inworking in the financial industry， according to a survey conducted by Universum。a research firm．”可知，与⾦融机构相⽐，⼤学毕业⽣更愿意去像苹果那样的科技公司⼯作。故选D。

57．A【精析】细节题。从⽂章的第三段第⼀、⼆句“Companies that have appealing consumer brand generally also succeedin being perceived as attractive employers．people nowadays love to work for companies that produce their favorite productsand services．”可知，对消费者有吸引⼒的品牌公司同样会成功吸引求职者。如今，⼈们愿意在⽣产⾃⼰喜欢的产品和服务的公司就业。由此可推断，年轻的求职者在择业时更看重公司的品牌影响⼒。故选A。

58．B【精析】细节题。从⽂章的第四段“By contraSt，financial institu— tions like Citigroup，whose brands have been

spoiled in recent years by the collapse of the financial industry，ranked in the lower half of．．．”可知，像花旗集团这样的⾦融机构随着近⼏年⾦融市场的坍塌，企业的品牌也遭到重创，所以对求职者吸引⼒变少，故选B。

59．C【精析】推断题。从⽂章的第五段最后⼀句“0n the other hand，government agencies，which fared slightly worse thanthe tech compa-nies，may have been hurt by perceived