虚拟语气用法小结及练习(附答案)

一、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法

条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.

如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)

1. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件从句和主句的动词形式列表如下: 主从句时虚拟条件句 主句 例句 态 If I had enough money now, I would 与现在事 If+主语+动词 主语+should, lend it to you. 实相反的 的过去式(be would, could, If I were you, I should seize the chance 假设 动词用were) might+动词原形 to go abroad. 主语+should, She would have come to enjoy the party 与过去事 If+主语+had+ would, could, if she hadn’t been very busy. 实相反的 过去分词 might + have + If you had taken my advice, you would 假设 过去分词 not have failed the exam. ①If+主语+ If you came tomorrow, we would have 动词过去式 the meeting. ②If+主语+ 与将来事 主语+should, If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports were to+ 实相反的 would, could, meeting would be put off. 动词原形 假设 might + 动词原形 If he should not come tomorrow, we ③If+主语+ should put off the meeting till next should+ Monday. 动词原形 2. 错综时间条件句：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)

3. 省略连词if （倒装）。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

Were I to meet him tomorrow (= if I were to met him tomorrow), I should ask him about it. 要是我明天见到他，我就会问他这件事的。

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Had I had the money last year (= if I had had the money last year), i would have bought the house. 如果我去年有了这笔钱，我就买那所房子了。

Should there be any trouble with the boiler, the automatic controlling unit would cut off the fuel oil supply. 假如锅炉出问题的话，自控装置会自动切断燃油的供给。

4. 含蓄条件句：句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用某他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。其虚拟的结构形式通过主句来表现。

常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的方式有：

（1）介词或介词短语（代替状语从句）：but for（要不是…），without（假若没有…），with（假若有…）

With your help, I could have finished the work ahead of time. 如果有你的帮助的话，我本可以提前完成这项工作。

Without air and water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水，地球上就不会存在生物。

But for the rain, we should have had a pleasant journey. 如果不是因为下雨，旅途会很愉快。

（2）用or，otherwise(否则)，but等类似转折词

We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. I would have come to help you ,but I was busy that day.

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.

（3）根据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况

Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. 早来五分钟的话，你就能在车站见到他了。

You could have done better，but you didn’t try your best.

二、(Should) + 动词原形类

1. 在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire, recommend等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately.

注意:当suggest表示暗示、表明时，不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气。如： The smile on her face suggested that she was satisfied with our work.

当insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 表示“坚持要求，坚持主张”用虚拟语气。如:

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

我们可以用“一二三四”法巧记这些动词：“一、二、三、四”法，即一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order，command），三个建议（suggest, propose, advise）, 四个要求（demand, require, request, ask）。

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2. advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:

My suggestion is that we (should) hold a meeting this evening.

My proposal is that we（should）set a deadline for handing in the plan.

The general sent the order that the battle（should） be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.

3. 在It is / was suggested (desired, ordered, demanded, required, requested, proposed, etc.) that…

It’s requested that we （should） keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.

4. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法：在 “It 十 be 十 adj ／n 十 that…” 这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构， It is necessary that the badly wounded man（should） be treated immediately. It is (was) important (necessary, natural, strange, etc.) that… It is (was) a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that …

此类的形容词或名词三种：

①形容某件应该做的事是“必需的”、“重要的”、“适当的”、“自然的”、“紧迫的”等。如：important，necessary，unnecessary，strange，natural，possible，impossible，fortunate，advisable，desirable，essential。

②形容某件居然发生的事令人“惊讶的”“失望的”“可怕的”“好笑的”等。如：surprising，amazing，pleasing，dreadful，funny

③表明某事是一种遗憾。如：a pity，a shame，no wander

It’s strange that he (should) have acted toward his parents like that.（竟然会） It’s surprising/amazing/pleasing/that she (should) win over her mother.（居然会） It’s strange that he (should) leave without telling us. (竟然会)

It’s natural that she (should) make such a mistake.（不以为然的语气，“会”） It’s a pity/a shame/no wonder that our team (should) lose the game.（遗憾或不以为然的语气，竟“会”）

三、虚拟语气的其他用法 1. wish的用法

与现在事实相反, 用were或动词的一般过去式;与过去事实相反, 用had+过去分词;表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would/could/might+动词原形,后的从句不能用should.如:

I wish she were here. I wish you would go with us tomorrow. I wish she had taken my advice.

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2. It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。

It is time that the children went / should go to bed.

3. 用在would rather, had rather后的宾从中谓语动词应用过去时或过去完成时。

I would rather you were not here. I’d rather you had been present.

4. 在带有even if / even though引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。

5. 由as if或as though引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或 “had十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger.

She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.

注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。

6. 用在If only句型中，意思是“要是…就好了”。如：

Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed your advice.

only if表示“只有” I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了我才会醒。

7. in case，for fear that引导的状语从句中，表示“唯恐，以免”，谓语动词用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气。

She took the raincoat with her in case she should be caught in rain. The student is working hard for fear that he should fail to pass the exam.

8. intend，hope，want，plan，mean等表示“希望、想法、意图”，常用过去完成时态或不定式的完成式表示与过去事实相反的虚拟。

I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech. I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at the time.

虚拟语气练习题

1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.

A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading

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2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.

A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.

A. was B. were C. has been D. had been 5.I wish that I _____ with you last night.

A. went B. could go C. have gone D. had gone 6.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 7._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.

A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for 8.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport. A. would meet B. would had met C. would have met D. would have meet

9.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly he_____ me how.

A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach 10.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so then.

A. had been B. were C. was D. would be

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wish busy 11.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would have rained C. have seen D. rained

12.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting. A. should B. would C. do D. had

13.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ___there. A. not went B. won’t go C. not go D. not to go 14.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.

A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had 15.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike? A. decided against B. will decide against C. have decided D. shall decide against 16.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?

—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.

A. had B. have had C. would have D. had had

17.If she could sew, _____.

A. she make a dress B. she would have made a shirt C. she will make a shirt D. she would had made a coat 18._____ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving

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C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves

19.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took

20.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases. A. was; shall pay B. am; will pay C. would be; would pay D. were; would pay 21.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand. A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give

22.The law requires that everyone ___ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C. have D. will have 23.It is strange that he _____ so.

A. would say B. would speak C. should say D. will speak 24.Had I known her name, _____

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live? C. she would be beautiful. D. I would have invited her to lunch. 25.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that. A. know B. knows C. known D. knew

26.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting. A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come

27.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before

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he returns all the books he has borrowed.

A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 28.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early. A. didn’t leave B. hadn’t left C. haven’t left D. couldn’t leave

29.I wish that you _____ such a bad headache because I’m sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.

A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have

30.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o’clock. A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be

31.I must go there earlier. John has suggested that I _____ an hour before the discussion begins.

A. go B. shall go C. will go D. would go

答案：1-5 BBDDD 6-10 ADCDC 11-15 AACAA 16-20 DBCCD

21-25 CCCDD 26-30 CCBCA 31 D

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