历年四级听力原文

2006年四级听力原文

11. M: What was it like working with those young stars?

W: It was a great group, I always got mad when people said that we didn’t get along, just because we’re girls, there was never a fight. We had a great time. Q: What does the woman mean?

12. M: Are you telling me you don’t have a housekeeper? W: No, we don’t. if you make a mess, you clean up yourself. Q: What do we learn from this conversation?

13. M: I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house. W: Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have o pay? Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their present house is not too bad. Q: What does the man imply?

14. W: You look like you are freezing to death. Why don’t you put this on? M: Thank you, it was so warm at noon, I didn’t expect the weather to change so quickly.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

15. W: I’ll have the steak, French fries, and let’s see, chocolate ice cream for dissert.

M: Oh, oh, you know these things will ruin your health, too much fat and sugar, how about ordering some vegetables and fruit instead? Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?

16. W: What was it like growing up in New York’s Bronx District? Was it safe? M: To me it was, it was all I knew. My mom would send me to the shop and I’d go and buy things when I was about 8 years old. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

17. W: Nice weather, isn’t it? Oh, I’ve seen you around the office, but I don’t think we’ve met, I am Henry Smith, I work in the Market Research Section. M: Nice to meet you, Henry, I am Helen Grant, I am in the Advertising Section on the ninth floor.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

18. M: Ma’am, I hear you have an apartment for rent, can I take a look at it?

W: Sure, you’re welcome any time by appointment, but I have to tell you the building is close to a railways. And if you can’t put up with the noise you might as well save the trip.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Conversation 1

W: Please have a seat, Mr. Saunders. I received your job resume last week, and it was very impressed. M: Thank you!

W: We are a small financial company trading mostly stocks and bonds may I ask why you are so interested in working for us?

M: Your company has an impressive reputation and I’ve always wanted to work for a smaller company.

W: That’s good to hear. Would you mind telling me a little bit about your present job?

M: I’m currently working in a large international company in charge of a team of 8 brokers. We buy and sell stocks for major clients worldwide. W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for this position?

M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experiences in the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily bases, and I enjoy working with people.

W: Well, you might just be the person we’ve been looking for. Do you have any questions?

M: Aha, if I were hired, how many accounts would I be handling?

W: you will be working with two other head brokers, in another words, you will be handling about a third of our clients. M: And who would I report to? W: Directly to me.

M: I see. What kind of benefits package do you offer?

W: Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year employment, you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance, but this is something you should discuss with our Personnel Department. Do you have any other questions? M: No not at the moment.

W: Well, I have to discuss you application with my colleagues and we’ll get back to you early next week.

M: OK, thanks, it’s been nice meeting you!

W: Nice meeting you too! And thanks for coming in today. 19. What’s the purpose of Mr. Saunders’ visit? 20. What is Mr. Saunders’ current job?

21. What can we conclude from the conversation?

Conversation 2

M: Hey, Karen, you are not really reading it, are you? W: Pardon?

M: The book! You haven’t turned the page in the last ten minutes. W: No, Jim, I suppose I haven’t. I need to get through it, though, but I keep drifting away.

M: So it doesn’t really hold your interest?

W: No, not really. I wouldn’t bother with it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a seminar. I’m at a university.

M: It’s a labor of labor then rather than a labor of love.

W: I should say, I don’t like Dickens at all really, the author, indeed, I am starting to like the whole course less and less. M: It’s not just the book,, it’s the curse as well?

W: Yeah, in a way, although the curse itself isn’t really that bad, a lot of it is pretty good, in fact, and the lecturer is fine, as to me, I suppose, you see, I want to do philosophy rather than English, but my parents took me out of it.

M: So the courses are OK as such, it’s just that had if been left to you, you would choose a different one.

W: Oh, they had my best interest and heart of course, my parents, they always do, don’t they? They believe that my job prospect would be pretty limited with the degree of philosophy. Plus, they give me a really generous allowance, but I am beginning to feel that I’m wasting my time and their money. They would be so disappointed though if I told them I was quitting. Section B

Passage One

In Greece, only rich people will rest in peace for ever when they die. Most of the population, however, will be undisturbed for only three years, then they will be dug up, washed, compressed into a small tin box, and placed in a bone room. If the body has only partially decayed, it is reburied in a smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the body will be dug up again some time later when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece of land for a grave is the only way to avoid this process. The cost of the grave is so great that most p0eople choose to rent the grave for three years and even after it has been dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. If no one pays for renting space in the bone room, the skeleton is removed and stored in a building in a poor part of the town. Lack of space in Athens is the main reason why the dead are dug up after the three years. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes dead bodies are kept in the hospitals for over a week until a grave is found. Athens’ city council wants to introduce cremation, that is burning dead bodies as a means of dealing with the

problems. But the Greek church resists this practice, they believe the only place where

people burn is hell, so burning dead bodies is against the Greek concept of life after death. To save space, the church suggested burying the bodies standing up instead of lying down. Some people proposed building multi-storey underground grave yards.

Passage Two

If you visit a big city anywhere in the world, you will probably find a restaurant would serve the food of your own native country. Most large cities in the United St ates offer international sample of foods. Many people enjoy eating the food of other nations. This is probably one reason why there are so many different kinds of restaurants in the United St ates. A second reason is that many Americans come from other part of the world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their native lands. In the city of Detroit, for example, there are many people from western Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far East. There are many restaurants in Detroit which serve the foods of these areas. There are many other international restaurants too. Americans enjoy the foods in these

restaurants as well as the opportunity to better understand the people and their way of life. One of the most common international restaurants to be found in the United St ates is the Italian restaurant. The restaurant may be a small business run by a single family. The mother of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the father and children serve the people who come to eat there. Or it may be a large restaurant owned by

several different people who worked together in the business. Many Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made with meats, tomatoes and cheese, they are very delicious and tasty.

United St ates?

Passage Three

One winter day in 11, a class at a training school in Massachusetts, U.S.A, went into the gym for their daily exercises. Since the football season had ended, most of the young man felt they were in for a boring time.

But their teacher, James Nasmith had other ideas. He had been working for a long time on a new game that would have the excitement of the American football. Nasmith showed the men a basket he had hung at the each end of the gym, and explained that they were going to sue a round European football, at first everybody tried to throw the ball into the basket no matter where he was standing. “Pass! Pass!” Nasmith kept shouting, blowing his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, they began to understand what was wanted of them. The problem with the new game, which was soon called “basketball”, was getting the ball out of the basket. They used ordinary food baskets with bottoms and the ball, of course, stayed inside. At first,

someone had to climb up every time a basket was scored. It was several years before someone came up with the idea of removing the bottom of the basket and letting the ball fall through. There have been many changes in the rules since then, and basketball has become one of the world’s most popular sports.

33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day? 34. According the speaker, what was the problem with the new game? 35. How was the problem with the new game solved?

2006年12月四级听力原文

11. M: Christmas is around the corner. And I’m looking for a gift for my girlfriend. Any suggestions?

W: Well you have to tell me something about your girlfriend first. Also, what’s your budget?

Q: What does the woman want the man to do?

12. M: What would you like for dessert? I think I’ll have apple pie and ice cream.

W: The chocolate cake looks great, but I have to watch my weight. You go ahead and get yours.

Q: What would the woman most probably do?

13. W: Having visited so many countries, you must be able to speak several different languages.

M: I wish I could. But Japanese and, of course English are the only languages I can speak.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

14. M: Professor Smith asked me to go to his office after class. So it’s impossible for me to make it to the bar at ten.

W: Then it seems that we’ll have to meet an hour later at the library. Q: What will the man do first after class?

15. M: It’s already 11 now. Do you mean I ought to wait until Mr. Bloom comes back from the class?

W: Not really. You can just leave a note. I’ll give it to her later. Q: What does the woman mean?

16. M: How is John now? Is he feeling any better?

W: Not yet. It still seems impossible to make him smile. Talking to him is really difficult and he gets upset easily over little things. Q: What do we learn about John from the conversation? 17. M: Do we have to get the opera tickets in advance?

W: Certainly. Tickets at the door are usually sold at a higher price. Q: What does the woman imply?

18. M: The taxi driver must have been speeding.

W: Well, not really. He crashed into the tree because he was trying not to hit a box that had fallen off the truck ahead of him. Q: What do we learn about the taxi driver?

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W: Hey, Bob, guess what? I’m going to visit Quebec next summer. I’m invited to go to a friend’s wedding.

But while I’m there I’d also like to do some sightseeing.

M: That’s nice, Shelly. But do you mean the province of Quebec, or Quebec City?

W: I mean the province. My friend’s wedding is in Montreal. I’m going there first. I’ll stay for five days. Is Montreal the capital city of the province? M: Well, Many people think so because it’s the biggest city. But it’s not the capital. Quebec City is. But Montreal is great. The Saint Royal River runs right through the middle of the city. It’s beautiful in summer.

W: Wow, and do you think I can get by in English? My French is OK, but not that good. I know most people there speak French, but can I also use English? M: Well, People speak both French and English there. But you’ll hear French most of the time. And all the street signs are in French. In fact, Montreal is the third largest French speaking city in the world. So you’d better practice your French before you go.

W: Good advice. What about Quebec City? I’ll visit a friend from college who lives there now. What’s it like?

M: It’s a beautiful city, very old. Many old buildings have been nicely restored. Some of them were built in the 17th or 18th centuries. You’ll love there. W: Fantastic. I can’t wait to go.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M: Hi, Miss Rowling, how old were you when you started to write? And what was your first book?

W: I wrote my first Finnish (finished) story when I was about six. It was about a small animal, a rabbit, I mean. And I’ve been writing ever since? M: Why did you choose to be an author?

W: If someone asked me how to achieve happiness. Step One would be finding out what you love doing most. Step two would be finding someone to pay you to do this. I consider myself very lucky indeed to be able to support myself by writing

M: Do you have any plans to write books for adults?

W: My first two novels were for adults. I suppose I might write another one. But I never really imagine a target audience when I’m writing. The ideas come first. So it really depends on the ideas that grasp me next.

M: where did the ideas for the “Harry Potter” books come from?

W: I’ve no ideas where the ideas came from. And I hope I’ll never find out. It would spoil my excitement if it turned out I just have a funny wrinkle on the surface of my brain, which makes me think about the invisible train platform. M: How did you come up with the names of your characters?

W: I invented some of them. But I also collected strange names. I’ve got one from ancient saints, maps, dictionaries, plants, war memoirs and people I met. M: Oh, you are really resourceful.

Passage One

Reducing the amount of sleep students get at night has a direct impact on their

performance at school during the day. According to classroom teachers, elementary and middle school students who stay up late exhibit more learning and attention problems. This has been shown by BrownMedicalSchool and BradleyHospital research. In the study, teachers were not told the amount of sleep students received when completing weekly performance reports, yet they rated the students who had received eight hours or less as having the most trouble recalling all the material, learning new lessons and completing high-quality work. Teachers also reported that these students had more difficulty paying attention. The experiment is the first to ask teachers to report on the effects of sleep deficiency in children. Just staying up late can cause increased academic difficulty and attention problems for otherwise healthy, well-functioning kids, said Garharn Forlone, the study’s lead author. So the results provide professionals and parents with a clear message: when a child is having

learning and attention problems, the issue of sleep has to be taken into consideration. “If we don’t ask about sleep, and try to improve sleep patterns in kids’ struggling academically, then we aren’t doing our job”, Forlone said. For parents, he said, the message is simple, “getting kids to bed on time is as important as getting them to school on time”.

26. What were teachers told to do in the experiment?

27. According to the experiment, what problem can insufficient sleep cause in students?

28. What message did the researcher intend to convey to parents?

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Patricia Pania never wanted to be a public figure. All she wanted to be was a mother and home-maker. But her life was turned upside down when a motorist, distracted by his cell phone, ran a stop sign and crashed into the side of her car. The impact killed her 2-year-old daughter. Four months later, Pania reluctantly but courageously

decided to try to educate the public and to fight for laws to ban drivers from using cell phones while a car is moving. She wanted to save other children from what happened to her daughter. In her first speech, Pania got off to a shaky start. She was visibly trembling and her voice was soft and uncertain. But as she got into her speech, a dramatic transformation took place. She stopped shaking and spoke with a strong voice. For the rest of her talk, she was a forceful and compelling speaker. She wanted everyone in the audience to know what she knew without having to learn it from a personal tragedy. Many in the audience were moved to tears and to action. In

subsequent presentations, Pania gained reputation as a highly effective speaker. Her appearance on a talk show was broadcast three times, transmitting her message to over 40 million people. Her campaign increased public awareness of the problem, and prompted over 300 cities and several states to consider restrictions on cell phone use.

29. What was the significant change in Patricia Pania’s life? 30. What had led to Pania’s personal tragedy?

31. How did Pania feel when she began her first speech? 32. What could be expected as a result of Pania’s efforts?

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Many people catch a cold in the spring time or fall. It makes us wonder if scientists can send a man to the moon. Why can’t they find a cure for the common cold? The answer is easy. There’re actually hundreds of kinds of cold viruses out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one. When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and causes a blockade in it. You feel terrible because you can’t breathe well, but your body is actually eating the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a running nose to stop the virus from getting into your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful

body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. Different people have different

remedies for colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people take hot bath and drink warm

liquids. Other people take medicines to relieve various symptoms of colds. There was one interesting thing to note. Some scientists say taking medicines when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer, because your body doesn’t develop a way to fight it and kill it.

33. According to the passage, why haven’t scientists found a cure for the common cold?

34. What does the speaker say about the symptoms of the common cold? 35. What do some scientists say about taking medicines for the common cold, according to the passage?

2007.6

11.

W: Did you watch the 7 o’clock program on Channel 2 yesterday evening? I was about to watch it when someone came to see me.

M: Yeah. It reported some major breakthroughs in cancer research. People over 40 would find the program worth watching.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation about the TV program? 12.

W: I won the first prize in the national writing contest and I got this camera as an award.

M: It’s a good camera. You can take it when you travel. I had no idea you were a marvelous writer.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 13.

M: I wish I hadn’t thrown away that waiting list.

W: I thought you might regret it. That’s why I picked it up from the waste paper basket and left it on the desk.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 14.

W: Are you still teaching at the junior high school?

M: Not since June. My brother and I opened a restaurant as soon as he got out of the army.

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation? 15.

M: Hi, Susan. Have you finished reading the book Prof. Johnson recommended? W: Oh, I haven’t read it through the way I’d read a novel. I just read a few chapters which interested me.

Q: What does the woman mean? 16.

M: Jane missed class again, didn’t she? I wonder why.

W: Well, I knew she had been absent all week, so I called her this morning to see if she was sick. It turned out that her husband was badly injured in a car accident. Q: What does the woman say about Jane? 17.

W: I’m sure that Smith’s new house is somewhere on this street, but I don’t know exactly where it is.

M: But I’m told it’s two blocks from their old home. Q: What do we learn from the conversation? 18.

W: I’ve been waiting here almost half an hour. How come it took it so long? M: Sorry, honey. I had to drive two blocks before I spotted a place to park the car. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

Long Conversation 1:

-Hello, I have a reservation for tonight. -Your name, please?

-Nelson, Charles Nelson.

-Ok, Mr. Nelson, that’s a room for 5 and …

-Excuse me? You mean a room for 5 pounds? I didn’t know the special was so good. -No, no, no, according to our records, a room for 5 guests was booked under your name.

-No, no, hold on. You must have two guests under the name. -OK, let me check this again. Oh, here we are. -Yes?

-Charles Nelson, a room for one for the nineteen… -Wait, wait, it was for tonight, not tomorrow night.

-Ehm, hmm, I don’t think we have any rooms for tonight. There is a conference going on in town and, er, let’s see, yeah, no rooms. -Oh, come on, you must have something, anything! -Well, let, let me check my computer here. Ah! -What?

-There has been a cancelation for this evening. A honeymoon suite is now available. -Great, I’ll take it.

-But I’ll have to charge you a hundred and fifty pounds for the night. -What? I should get a discount for the inconvenience! -Well, the best I can give you is a 10% discount, plus a ticket for a free continental breakfast.

-Hey, isn’t the breakfast free anyway? -Well, only on weekends.

-I want to talk to the manager.

-Wait, wait, wait, Mr. Nelson, I think I can give you an additional 15% discount!

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. What is the man’s problem?

20. Why did the hotel clerk say they didn’t have any rooms for that night? 21. What did the clerk say about the breakfast in the hotel?

22. What did the man imply he would do at the end of the conversation?

Long Conversation 2:

-Sarah, you work in the admission’s office, don’t you?

-Yes, I’m, I’ve been here 10 years as an assistance director. -Really? What does that involve?

-Well, I’m in charge of all the admissions of post graduate students in the university.

-Only post graduates?

-Yes, post graduates only. I have nothing at all to do with undergraduates. -Do you find that you get a particular...sort of different national groups? I mean you get larger numbers from Latin America or…

-Yes, well, of all the students enrolled last year, nearly half were from overseas. They were from the Afican countries, the far east, the middle east and Latin America. -Ehm, but have you been doing just that for the last 10 years or have you done other things? -Well, I’ve been doing the same job, ehm, before that I was a secretary of the medical school at Birmingham, and further back I worked in the local government. -Oh, I see.

-So I’ve done different types of things. -Yes, indeed. How do you imagine your job might develop in the future? Can you imagine shifting into a different kind of responsibility or doing something…?

-Oh, yeah, from October 1st I’ll be doing an entirely different job. There is going to be more committee work. I mean, more policy work, and less dealing with students unfortunately. I’ll miss my contact with students.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 23. What is the woman’s present position?

24. What do we learn about the post graduates enrolled last year in the woman’s university?

25. What will the woman’s new job be like? Section A Compound Dictation

Students’ pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are

well-meaning, but some of them aren’t very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in adjusting to college. And a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s difficulties. For one thing, parents are often not aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don’t realize that the competition is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. Accustomed to seeing As and Bs on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children’s first semester college

grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently enquire why John or Mary isn’t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threaten to take their children out of college or cut off funds. Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, who are now young adults, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are. Short Passages

Passage 1

My mother was born in a small town in northern Italy. She was three when her parents immigrated to America in 1926. They lived in Chicago, where my grandfather worked making ice-cream. Mama thrived in the urban environment. At 16, she graduated first in her high school class, went on to secretarial school and finally worked as an executive secretary for a rare wood company. She was beautiful too. When a local photographer used her pictures in his monthly window display, she felt pleased. Her favorite portrait showed her sitting by Lake Michigan, her hair wind-blown, her gaze reaching towards the horizon.

My parents were married in 1944. Dad was a quiet and intelligent man. He was 17 when he left Italy. Soon after, a hit-and-run accident left him with a permanent limp. Dad worked hard selling candy to Chicago office workers on their break. He had little formal schooling. His English was self-taught. Yet he eventually built a small successful whole-sale candy business. Dad was generous and handsome. Mama was devoted to him. After she married, my mother quit her job and gave herself to her family.

In 1950, with three small children, Dad moved the family to a farm 40 miles from Chicago. He worked the land and commuted to the city to run his business. Mama said good-bye to her parents and friends and traded her busy city neighborhood for a more isolated life. But she never complained.

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard:

26: What does the speaker tell us about his mother’s early childhood? 27: What do we learn about the speaker’s father? 28: What does the speaker say about his mother?

Passage 2

During a 1995 roof collapse, a fire fighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For 10 years he was unable to speak. Then one Saturday morning, he did something that shocked his family and doctors – he started speaking. “I want to talk to my wife,” Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he has lived for more than 7 years rose to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. “It was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had with his family and friends during the 14 hour stretch.” Herbert’s uncle Simon Manka

said. “How long have I been away?” Herbert asked. “We told him almost 10 years.” The uncle said. He thought it was only three months.

Herbert was fighting a house fire Dec. 29, 1995, when the roof collapsed burying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since.

News accounts in the days and years after his injury, described Herbert as blind and with little, if any, memory. A video shows him receiving physical therapy, but apparently unable to communicate and with little awareness of his surroundings. Manka declined to discuss his nephew’s current condition or whether the apparent progress was continuing. “The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert,” he said. As word of Herbert’s progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. “He is resting comfortably,” the uncle told them. Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. Passage 3 Almost all states in America have a state fair. They last for one, two or three weeks. The Indiana state fair is one of the largest and oldest state fairs in the United States. It is held every summer.

It started in 1852. Its goals were to educate, share ideas and present Indiana’s best products. The cost of a single ticket to enter the fair was 20 cents. During the early 1930’s, officials of the fair ruled that people could attend by paying something other than money. For example, farmers brought a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.

With the passage of time, the fair has grown and changed a lot. But it is still one of the Indiana’s celebrated events. People from all over Indiana and from many other states attend the fair.

They can do many things at the fair. They can watch the judging of the priced cows, pigs and other animals. They can see sheep getting their wool cut and they can learn how that wool is made into clothing. They can watch cows giving birth. In fact, people can learn about animals they would never see except other fair. The fair provides the chance for the farming community to show its skills and fun products. For example, visitors might see the world’s largest apple or the tallest sun flower plant. Today, children and adults at the fair can play new computer games or attempt more traditional games of skill. They can watch performances put on by famous entertainers. Experts say such fairs are important because people need to remember that they are connected to the earth and its products and they depend on animals for many things. Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard:

33: What were the main goals of the Indiana state fair when it started? 34: How did some farmers give entrance to the fair in the early 1930’s? 35: Why are state fairs important events in the America?

Students’ pressure sometimes comes from their parents. Most parents are

well-meaning, but some of them aren’t very helpful with the problems their sons and daughters have in adjusting to college. And a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s difficulties. For one thing, parents are often not

aware of the kinds of problems their children face. They don’t realize that the competition is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change. Accustomed to seeing As and Bs on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children’s first semester college grades are below that level. At their kindest, they may gently enquire why John or Mary isn’t doing better, whether he or she is trying as hard as he or she should, and so on. At their worst, they may threaten to take their children out of college or cut off funds. Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and natural that they determine what their children do with their lives. In their involvement and identification with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each person must develop in his or her own way. They forget that their children, who are now young adults, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are.

2007.12

11. W: I ran into Sally the other day. I could hardly recognize her. Do you remember her from high school?

M: Yeah, she was a little out of shape back then. Well, has she lost a lot of weight?

Q: What does the man remember of Sally?

12. W: We don’t seem to have a reservation for you, sir. I’m sorry. M: But my secretary said that she had reserved a room for me here. I phoned her from the airport this morning just before I got on board the plane. Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? 13. W: What would you do if you were in my place?

M: If Paul were my son, I’d just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he's working hard himself, he’s sure to do well in the next exam. Q: What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman?

14. M: You’ve had your hands full and have been overworked during the last two weeks. I think you really need to go out and get some fresh air and sunshine. W: You are right. That’s just what I’m thinking about. Q: What is the woman most probably going to do?

15. W: Hello, John. How are you feeling now? I hear you’ve been ill. M: They must have confused me with my twin brother Rods. He’s been sick all week, but I’ve never felt better in my life. Q: What do we learn about the man?

16. M: Did you really give away all your furniture when you moved into the new house last month?

W: Just the useless pieces, as I’m planning to purchase a new set from Italy for the sitting room only. Q: What does the woman mean?

17. M: I’ve brought back your Oxford Companion to English Literature. I thought you might use it for your paper. Sorry not to have returned it earlier. W: I was wondering where that book was. Q: What can we infer from the conversation?

18. W: To tell the truth, Tony, it never occurs to me that you are an athlete. M: Oh, really? Most people who meet me, including some friends of mine, don’t think so either.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation? Long Conversations Conversation 1

M: Mary, I hope you're packed and ready to leave.

W: Yes, I’m packed, but not quite ready. I can’t find my passport. M: Your passport? That’s the one thing you mustn’t leave behind.

W: I know. I haven’t lost it. I’ve packed it, but I can’t remember which bag it’s in.

M: Well, you have to find it at the airport. Come on, the taxi is waiting. W: Did you say taxi? I thought we were going in your car.

M: Yes, well, I have planned to, but I’ll explain later. You’ve got to be there in an hour.

W: The plane doesn’t leave for two hours. Anyway, I’m ready to go now. M: Now, you're taking just one case, is that right? W: No, there is one in the hall as well.

M: Gosh, what a lot of stuff! You're taking enough for a month instead of a week. W: Well, you can’t depend on the weather. It might be cold.

M: It’s never cold in Rome. Certainly not in May. Come on, we really must go. W: Right, we're ready. We’ve got the bags, I’m sure there's no need to rush. M: There is. I asked the taxi driver to wait two minutes, not twenty. W: Look, I’m supposed to be going away to relax. You're making me nervous. M: Well, I want you to relax on holiday, but you can’t relax yet.

W: OK, I promise not to relax, at least not until we get to the airport and I find my passport.

Questions 19-22 are based on the conversatoin you have just heard. Q19: What does the woman say about her passport? Q20: What do we know about the woman’s trip? Q21: Why does the man urge the woman to hurry?

Q22: Where does the conversation most probably take place? Conversation 2

W: Oh, I’m fed up with my job.

M: Hey, there's a perfect job for you in the paper today. You might be interested. W: Oh, what is it? What do they want?

M: Wait a minute. Uh, here it is. The European Space Agency is recruiting translators.

W: The European Space Agency?

M: Well, that’s what it says. They need an English translator to work from French or German.

W: So they need a degree in French or German, I suppose. Well, I’ve got that. What’s more, I have plenty of experience. What else are they asking for? M: Just that. A university degree and three or four years of experience as a translator in a professional environment. They also say the person should have a lively and inquiring mind, effective communication skills and the ability to work individually or as a part of the team.

W: Well, if I stay at my present job much longer, I won’t have any mind or skills left. By the way, what about salary? I just hope it isn’t lower than what I get now.

M: It’s said to be negotiable. It depends on the applicant’s education and experience. In addition to basic salary, there's a list of extra benefits. Have a look yourself.

W: Hm, travel and social security plus relocation expenses are paid. Hey, this isn’t bad. I really want the job.

Questions 23-25 are based on the conversatoin you have just heard. Q23: Why is the woman trying to find a new job? Q24: What position is being advertised in the paper?

Q25: What are the key factors that determine the salary of the new position? Section B Short Passages

Passage 1

When couples get married, they usually plan to have children. Sometimes, however, a couple can not have a child of their own. In this case, they may decide to adopt a child. In fact, adoption is very common today. There are about 60 thousand adoptions each year in the United States alone. Some people prefer to adopt infants, others adopt older children, some couples adopt children from their own countries, others adopt children from foreign countries. In any case, they all adopt children for the same reason ---- they care about children and want to give their adopted child a happy life.

Most adopted children know that they are adopted. Psychologists and child-care experts generally think this is a good idea. However, many adopted children or adoptees have very little information about their biological parents. As a matter of fact, it is often very difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents because the birth records of most adoptees are usually sealed. The information is secret so no one can see it. Naturally, adopted children have different feelings about their birth parents. Many adoptees want to search for them, but others do not. The decision to search for birth parents is a difficult one to make. Most adoptees have mixed feelings about finding their biological parents. Even though adoptees do not know about their natural parents, they do know that their adopted parents want them, love them and will care for them.

Questions 26-29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. According to the speaker, why do some couples adopt children?

27. Why is it difficult for adoptees to find out about their birth parents? 28. Why do many adoptees find it hard to make the decision to search for their birth parents?

29. What can we infer from the passage?

Passage 2

Katherine Gram graduated from University of Chicago in 1938 and got a job as a news reporter in San Francisco. Katherine’s father used to be a successful investment banker. In 1933, he bought a failing newspaper, the Washington Post. Then Katherine returned to Washington and got a job, editing letters in her father’s newspaper. She married Philip Gram, who took over his father-in-law’s position shortly after and became publisher of the Washington Post. But for many years, her husband suffered from mental illness and he killed himself in 1963. After her husband’s death, Katherine operated the newspaper. In the 1970s, the newspaper became famous around the world and Katherine was also recognized as an important leader in newspaper publishing. She was the first woman to head a major American publishing company, the Washington Post company. In a few years, she successfully expanded the company to include newspaper, magazine, broadcast and cable companies. She died of head injuries after a fall when she was 84. More than 3 thousand people attended her funeral including many government and business leaders. Her friends said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world. Katherine once wrote, “The world without newspapers would not be the same kind of world”. After her death, the employees

of the Washington Post wrote, “The world without Katherine would not be the same at all.”

Questions 30-32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. What do we learn from the passage about Katherine’s father? 31. What does the speaker tell us about Katherine Gram?

32. What does the comment by employees of the Washington Post suggest?

Passage 3

Obtaining good health insurance is a real necessity while you are studying overseas. It protects you from minor and major medical expenses that can wipe out not only your savings but your dreams of an education abroad. There are often two different types of health insurance you can consider buying, international travel insurance and student insurance in the country where you will be going.

An international travel insurance policy is usually purchased in your home country before you go abroad. It generally covers a wide variety of medical services and you are often given a list of doctors in the area where you will travel who may even speak your native language. The drawback might be that you may not get your money back immediately, in other words, you may have to pay all you medical expenses and then later submit your receipts to the insurance company.

On the other hand, getting student heath insurance in the country where you will study might allow you to only pay a certain percentage of the medical cost at the time of service and thus you don’t have to have sufficient cash to pay the entire bill at once. Whatever you decide, obtaining some form of health insurance is something you should consider before you go overseas. You shouldn’t wait until you are sick with major medical bills to pay off.

Questions 33-35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

33. Why does the speaker advice overseas students to buy health insurance? 34. What is the drawback of students buying international travel insurance? 35. What does the speaker say about students getting health insurance in the country where they will study? Section C Compound Dictation

More and more of the world’s population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is alarming. Between

1920 and 1960, big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size. The sheer size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturbing signs of trouble in the comparison of percentages of people living in towns and percentages of people working in industry. During the 19th century, cities grew as a result of the growth of industry. In Europe, the proportion of people living in cities was always smaller than that of the work force working in factories. Now, however, the reverse is almost always true in the newly industrialized world. The percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry. Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot pay for their growth. There is not enough money to build adequate houses for the people that live there, let alone the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies or other facilities. So the figures for the growth of towns and cities represent proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and despairing parents and starving children.

11.

2008.6

M: Today is a bad day for me. I fell off a step and twisted my ankle.

W: Don’t worry, usually ankle injuries heal quickly if you stop regular activities for a while. What does the woman suggest the man do? 12.

W: May I see you ticket, please? I think you’re sitting in my seat. M: Oh, you’re right. My seat is in the balcony. I’m terribly sorry. Q: Where does conversation most probably take place? 13.

W: Do you hear Mr. Smith die in his sleep last night?

M: Yes, it’s very sad. Please let everybody know that whoever wants to may attend the funeral. Q: What are the speakers talking about? 14.

M: Have you taken Professor Yang’s exam before? I’m kind of nervous.

W: Yes. Just concentrate on the important ideas she’s talked about in the class and ignore the details.

Q: How does the women suggest the man prepare for Professor Yang’s exam？ 15.

W: I’m so sorry sir, and you’ll let me pay to have your jacket cleaned, won’t you?

M: That’s all right. It could happen to anyone. And I’m sure that coffee doesn’t leave lasting marks on clothing.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation? 16.

W: Have you seen the movie The Departed? The plot was so complicated that I really got lost. M: Yeah, I felt the same, but after I saw it a second time, I could put all the pieces together. Q: How did the two speakers find the movie?

17.

M: I’m really surprised you got an A on the test; you didn’t seem to have done a lot of reading. W: Now you know why I never missed the lecture. Q: What contributes to the woman’s high score? 18.

W: Have you heard about the new digital television system? It lets people get about 500 channels. M: Yeah. But I doubt they’ll have anything different from what we watch now. Q: What does the man mean? Long conversation Conversation One:

W: Gosh! Have you seen this, Richard? M: See what?

W: In the paper. It says, there is a man going around pretending he’s from the electricity board. He’s been calling at people’s homes, saying he is coming to check that all their appliances are safe. Then he gets around them to make him a cup of tea, and while they are out of the room he steals their money, handbag whatever and makes off with it.

M: But you know, Jane, it’s partly their own fault; you should never let anyone like that in unless you’re expecting them.

W: It’s all very well to say that. But someone comes to the door, and says electricity or gas and you automatically think they are OK, especially if they flash a card to you M: Does this man have an ID then?

W: Yes, that’s just it. It seems he used to work for the electricity board at one time according to the paper the police are warning people especially pensioners not to admit anyone unless they have an appointment. It’s a bit sad. One old lady told them she’d just been to the post-office to draw her pension when he called. She said he must have followed her home. He stole the whole lot. M: But what does he look like? Surely they must have a description.

W: Oh, yes they have. Let’s see, in his thirties, tall, bushy dark hair, slight northern accent, sounds a bit like you actually.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. What does the woman want the man to read in the newspaper?

20. How did the man mention in the newspaper try to win further trust from the victims? 21. What is the warning from the police?

22. What does the woman speaker tell us about the old lady? Conversation Two:

M: Miss Jones, could you tell me more about your first job with hotel marketing concept? W: Yes, certainly. I was a marketing consultant responsible for marketing 10 UK hotels. They were all luxury hotels in a leisure sector all of a very high standard. M: Which markets were you responsible for? W: For Europe and Japan.

M: I see from your resume that you speak Japanese. Have you ever been to Japan?

W: Yes, I have, I spent months in Japan 2006. I met all the key people in the tourist industry, the big tour operators and the tourist organizations. As I speak Japanese I had a very big advantage. M: Yes, of course. Have you had any contact with Japan in your present job?

W: Yes, I’ve had a lot. Cruises have become very popular with the Japanese both for holidays and

for business conferences. In fact, the market for all types of luxury holidays for the Japanese has increased a lot recently.

M: Really, I’m interested to hear more about that, but first tell me have you ever traveled on the luxury train, the Orient Express, for example?

W: No, I haven’t. But I’ve traveled on the Glacial Express through Switzerland and I traveled across China by train about 8 years ago. I love train travel. That’s why I’m very interested in this job. 23. What did the woman do in her first job?

24. What give the woman an advantage during her business trip in Japan? 25. Why is the woman applying for the new job? Passage 1

Time. I think a lot about time and not just because it's the name of the news organization I work for. Like most working people, I find time, or the lack of it, and never-ending frustration and an unwinnable battle. My every day is a race against the clock that I never ever seem to win. This is hardly a lonesome complaint. According to the families and work institutes, national study of the changing workforce, 55 percent of employees say they don't have enough time for themselves, 63 percent don't have enough time for their spouses or partners, and 67 percent don't have enough time for their children. It's also not a new complaint. I bet our ancestors returned home from hunting wild animals and gathering nuts and complained about how little time they had to paint battle scenes on their cave walls. The difference is that the boss of animal hunting and the head of nut gathering probably told them to shut up or no survival for you. Today's workers are still demanding control over their time. The difference is today's bosses are listening. I've been reading a report issued today called \"when work works\" produced jointly by three organizations. They set up to find and warn the employers who employ the most creative and most effective ways to give their workers flexibility. I found this report worth reading and suggest every boss should read it for ideas. Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 26. What is the speaker complaining about? Question 27. What does the speaker say about our ancestors?

Question 28. Why does the speaker suggest all bosses read the report by the three organizations? Passage 2

Loving a child is a circular business. The more you give, the more you get, the more you want to give, *** said. What she said proves to be true of my blended family. I was born in 1931. As the youngest of six children, I learned to share my parents' love. Raising six children during the difficult times of the Great Depression took its toll on my parents' relationship and resulted in their divorce when I was 18 years old. Daddy never had very close relationships with his children and drifted even farther away from us after the divorce. Several years later, a wonderful woman came into his life and they were married. She had two sons, one of them still at home. Under her influence, we became a blended family and a good relationship developed between the two families. She always treated us as if we were her own children. It was because of our other mother, Daddy's second wife, that he became closer to his own children. They shared over 25 years together before our father passed away. At the time of his death, the question came up of my mother, Daddy's first wife, attending his funeral. I will never forget the unconditional love shown by my step mother. When I asked her if she would object to mother attending Daddy's funeral, without giving it a second thought, she immediately replied. \"Of course not, honey. She is the mother of my children.\"

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Question 29. According to the speaker, what contributed to her parents' divorce? Question 30. What brought the father closer to his own children? Question 31. What message does the speaker want to convey in this talk? Passage 3

In February last year, my wife lost her job. Just as suddenly, the owner of the Green House where I worked as manager died of a heart attack. His family announced that they were going to close the business because no one in the family wanted to run it. Things looked pretty gloomy. My wife and I read the want ads each day. Then one morning, as I was hanging a \"going out of business\" sign at the green house, the door opened and in walked a customer. She was an office manager whose company had just moved into the new office park on the edge of the town. She was looking for potted plants to place in the reception areas in offices. \"I don't know anything about plants\few weeks, they'll all be dead.” While I was helping her select her purchases, my mind was racing. Perhaps as many as a dozen firms that recently opened offices in the new office park and there were several hundred more acres with construction under way. That afternoon, I drove up to the office park. By 6 o'clock that evening, I had signed contacts with 7 companies to rent plants from me and pay me a fee to maintain them. Within a week, I had worked down to an agreement to lease the Green House from the owner's family. Business is now increasing rapidly. And one day we hope to be the proud owners of the Green House.

Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. Question 32. What do we learn about the green house?

Question 33. What was the speaker doing when the customer walked in one morning? Question 34. What did the speaker think of when serving the office manager? Question 35. When was the speaker's hope for the future? 复合式听写

We are now witnessing the emergence of an advanced economy based on information and technology. Physical labor, raw materials, and capital are no longer the key ingredients in the creation of wealth. Now the vital raw material in our economy is knowledge. Tomorrow's wealth depends on the development and exchange of knowledge. And individuals entering the workforce offer their knowledge not their muscles. Knowledge workers get paid for their education and their ability to learn. Knowledge workers engage in mind work. They deal with symbols, words, figures, and data. What does all this mean for you? As a future knowledge worker, you can expect to be generating, processing as well as exchanging information. Currently three out of 4 jobs involve some form of mind work. And that number will increase sharply in the future. Management and employees alike will be making decisions in such areas as product development, quality control, and customer satisfaction. in the new world of work, you can look forward to be in constant training to acquire new skills that will help you keep up with improved technologies and procedures. You can also expect to be taking greater control of your career. Gone are the nine-to-five jobs, life-time security, predictable promotions and even a conventional workplace as you are familiar with. Don't expect the companies to provide you with a clearly-defined career path and don't wait for someone to empower you. You have to empower yourself.

2008.12

11．M: I just received an Email from one of my former classmates. I was surprised, I hadn’t heard from him for ages

W: Well, I’ve been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally,

Q: What does the woman mean?

12. M: If you can make up your mind about the color, I can start on the outside of your house early next week.

W: Well, right now I think I want white for the window frames and yellow for the walls, but I’ll let you know tomorrow.

Q: Who is the woman talking to?

13. W: Excuse me, do you have any apartments available for under 500 dollars a month? I need to move in next week when my new job starts.

M: The only vacant one I have is 600 dollars, have you inquired at the apartment complex down the street?

Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?

14. W: You bought a pair of jeans yesterday, didn’t you? What are they like? M: Oh, they are pretty much like my other ones, except with a larger waist. I guess I haven’t spent much time exercising lately.

Q: What can we infer from the conversation about the man?

15. W: I really like those abstract paintings we saw yesterday. What do you think? M: I guess it’s something I haven’t acquired a taste for yet. Q: What does the man imply?

16. W: You haven’t seen a blue notebook, have you? I hope I didn’t leave it in the reading room.

M: Did you check that pile of journals you’ve borrowed from the library the other day? Q: What is the man trying to say to the woman?

17. M: How about joining me for a cup of coffee?

W: I’d love to, but I’m exhausted. I was up till 3 this morning, writing a paper for my literature class.

Q: Why does the woman decline the man’s invitation?

18. W: You had a job interview yesterday, didn’t you? How did it go?

M: Not too bad, I guess. There were about 20 candidates competing for the sales manager’s job. And finally it was down to three of us, but the other two seemed better qualified.

Q: What does the man imply? 听力长对话1

F: Simon, how does it feel to be retired? M: Well, not so bad.

F: How have you been spending your time?

M: I have been spending more time with my family. I’ve also travelled a bit, you know, off season when everywhere is less crowded and hotels cost less.

F: Great.

M: You know I haven’t stopped work completely. F: Yes, could you tell us more about this?

M: I’m on a scheme that’s called phased retirement; I had a six-month break from work, after that I could apply for project work with the company I used to work for.

F: How does the scheme work?

M: Well, it’s a trial at the moment. Instead of hiring temporary stuff, the company advertises posts on its website that retired employees like myself can access.

F: What sort of works advertised?

M: Well, all sorts of things, really. Administrative work and more specialized work, the sort of thing I can do. Some of the projects can last five or six months, and others can just be a couple of days. I can decide more or less when to work. So I can manage my own time.

F: I can see it’s good for you. What is your company get out of this?

M: Well, I still have all my old contacts at work, so I know who to contact to get something done. The company gets flexibility, too. Once the job’s over, that’s it. I’m not on their books any more.

长对话2

W: Oh, where are we going? M: I want to show you something. W: I know, but what is it?

M: A farm. It’s just down this road. It’s a small place, but at least it would be our own. W: A farm? How can we afford to buy a farm?

M: It isn’t very large, only 40 acres. We wouldn’t have to pay very much right now. W: Is there a house on the place?

M: A small one, two bedrooms, but it needs to be fixed up a little. I can do the job myself.

W: OK. Is there enough space for a kitchen garden?

M: There is about half an acre around the house. That’s plenty of space. W: Then we can grow our own fresh vegetables. And maybe keep a few chickens, couldn’t we?

M: Yes, and we can probably grow a lot of our own food. W: What are you thinking about growing, if we do take this place?

M: Well, it really isn’t big enough for corn. I thought we might try to raise a crop of potatoes.

W: Potatoes? There are a lot of work. M: We are used to hard work, aren’t we?

W: Yes, we are, but the money. Do we have enough to get started? It seems like a dream.

M: I think we’ve saved enough. We can pay a little on the farm and maybe put a few dollars down on the tractor, too.

四级听力 Passage One

Members of the city council and distinguished guests, it is my privilege to introduce to you today Mr. Robert Washington, chief of our city’s police force. He will address us on the subject of the Community Policing Program. Most of you know that Mr. Washington has a distinguished record as head of our police force for more than ten years. However, you may not know that he also holds a master’s degree in criminology and studied abroad for a year with the international police force which deals with crimes around the world. Mr. Washington first introduced the Community Policing Program 8 years ago. The idea behind the program is to get the police officers out of their cars and into our

neighborhoods where they can talk directly to merchants and residents about the real dynamics of our city. These officers do more than make arrests. They try to find ways to help solve the problems that contribute to crime in the first place. Often that means hooking people up with services offered by other city agencies, such as schools, hospitals, housing, drug treatment centers. And the program seems to be working: crime is down and our citizens report that they feel more secure. Today Mr. Washington is going to tell us more about this program. Now let’s welcome Mr. Robert Washington.

四级听力 Passage Two

There are between 3000 and 6000 public languages in the world, and we must add approximately 6 billion private languages since each one of us necessarily has one. Considering these facts, the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number. However, we do communicate successfully from time to time. And we do learn to speak languages. But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process. For a long time, people thought that we learned a language only by imitation and association. For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry. The mother says, “Hot, hot!” And the baby, when it stops crying, imitates the mother and says, “Hot, hot!” However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language, pointed out that although children do learn some words by imitation and association, they also combine words to make meaningful sentences in ways that are unique, unlearned and creative. Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before, Chomsky suggested that human infants are born with the ability to learn language. Chomsky meant that

underneath all the differences between public and private languages, there is a universal language mechanism that makes it possible for us, as infants, to learn any language in the world. This theory explains the potential that human infants have for learning language. But it does not really explain how children come to use language in particular ways.

When US spacewoman Joan Higginbotham is not flying and working in space, she might be found somewhere on earth giving a speech. Higginbotham, who grew up in Chicago and became an engineer before joining NASA, that is the National Air and Space Administration, gives about a dozen speeches a year. Each speech is different because she tailors her remarks to each audience. Through interviews and E-mails, she finds out in advance her listeners' educational level and what information they want to know. On the subject of space walks, for example, audiences vary in their interests and how much complexity they can comprehend. To elementary school children, Higginbotham may discuss a problem that many kids want to know about. \"How do spacemen in a spacesuit eat, drink, and go to the bathroom?\" Her answer is “the spacesuit is really a small spacecraft with room for food and water-containers, and a waste-collection system.” To a high school audience, she might satisfy a curiosity that often arises in her pre-speech interviews with students who obviously have seen many science fiction movies. “Do spacemen carry weapons in case they encounter enemies in space?” Her answer is \"No\". To scientists, she might provide technical details on such topics as the design of spacesuits that protects spacemen from the deadly temperature extremes of space. Just as elaborate preparation is required for success in space, Higginbotham says that it’s important for speakers to learn as much as possible about their listeners before a speech because every audience is different.

Compound Dictation

Crime is increasing worldwide. There is every reason to believe the trend will continue through the next few decades. Crime rates have always been high in

multi-cultural industrialized societies such as the United States. But a new phenomenon has appeared on the world scene: rapidly rising crime rates in nations that previously reported few offences. Street crimes such as robbery, rape, murder and auto theft are clearly rising, particularly in Eastern European countries, such as Hungary, and in Western European nations, such as the Untied Kingdom. What is driving this crime explosion? There are no simple answers. Still, there are certain conditions associated with rising crime. Increasing heterogeneity of population, greater cultural pluralism, higher immigration, democratization of governments, changing national borders, greater economic growth and the lack of accepted social ideas of right and wrong. These conditions are increasingly observable around the world. For instance, cultures that were

previously isolated and homogenous, such as Japan, Denmark and Greece, are now facing the sort of cultural variety that has been common in America for most of its history. Multiculturalism can be a rewarding, enriching experience, but it can also lead to a clash of values. Heterogeneity in societies will be the rule in the 21st century, and failure to recognize and plan for such diversity can lead to serious crime problems

2009.6

11. W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?

M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child Q: What does the man imply about Kate?

12. M: They say there'll be a snow-storm tonight and the cold weather will last quite a few days.

W: Oh! We're so lucky, we'll be getting away for a while, and having a holiday in Florida. But let's call right now to confirm our flight. Q: What do we learn about the two speakers?

13. W: Tony was awarded a medal for rescuing several families from the forest fire. M: I really admire his courage.

Q: What do we learn about Tony from the conversation?

14. M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night.

W: You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time

to invest a more recent model.

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

15. W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled.

M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled. Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

16. W: I can't decide what to do about the party tomorrow.

M: You don't have to go if you don't want to, but I'll be glad to give you a ride if you do.

Q: What do we learn from the conversation?

17. M: Now if you have any questions about the contract. I'll be happy to answer them.

W: Nothing comes to mind right now, but I'd like to go over all the articles of the contract once more before signing it. Q: What are the speakers doing right now?

18. M: We are out of paper for the printer. Can you please order some?

W: I completed the order form online yesterday and it will be here by noon. I'll let you know when it comes in. Q: What did the woman do?

W: Bob, do you know who I saw the other day? Old Jake, looking terribly depressed. Did he get pensioned off at last?

M: Yes. They made him retire after 50 years at sea. He is pretty upset about it, but what can you do? He really is pasted. W: He is all alone, isn't he?

M: Yes, his wife has been dead for years. They had one daughter, Dories. But she went off to town as soon as she left school And he hasn't heard from her since. I hear she is making good money as a model.

W: Maybe someone could get in touch with her. Get her to come back for a while to help?

M: I don't suppose she come. She never got on with her father. He is bit of a tough character and she is rather selfish. Oh, I expect old Jake will get by. He is healthy at least, comes into a clinic for a check regularly. W: Are you his doctor?

M: No, my partner doctor Johnson is.

W: That bad-tempered old thing? me a lot, and he has a very nice family. His wife invites me over there to supper every week. Very pleasant.

W: yes. I teach their daughter Pen at school. She is a bit carelessM: Oh, he isn't bad-tempered. He just looks it. He is an excellent doctor, taught and lazy about her school work, but a bright little thing and very popular with her age group.

Conversation Two

W: Hello, Mr. Summerfield. How are you today? M: Very well. Thank you, Ms. Green. W: What can I do for you?

M: Well, unfortunately, there is a problem with the order we received from you yesterday. It seems we haven't seen the right quantity of manuals to support the telephone system.

W: Oh, dear, that's bad news. I'm very sorry to hear that, and you don't know how many packs are without manuals?

M: No, because we haven't opened every pack. But in several of those that have been opened there are none, no manuals.

W: I'm very sorry about this inconvenience, Mr. Summerfield. We'll send out the manuals this afternoon by express mail entirely at our cost, should arrive tomorrow or the day after at the latest. M: All of them, right?

W: Yes. It maybe that some have them already, but we cannot be sure. So the best thing is to send out the manual for every pack. M: Yes. Yes, I see. That would be great.

W: Please accept our apologies for this mix-up. I assure you we will do everything possible to find out why the mistake happened M: Right. Thanks for your swift action.

W: Not at all. Thank you and goodbye for now. Do call if there is anything else. M: All right. Thank you. Goodbye, Ms Green. W: Goodbye.

and the manuals

Passage Passage 1

Attracting and feeding wild birds are entertaining activities that have long been enjoyed by people all over the world. Feeding birds has become so popular that prepared feed mixtures are readily available. We feed birds for many reasons. Many pleasant hours can come from watching birds. A hobby often develops into a serious study of their habits. Accurate identification of birds is usually the first goal. But observations that an amateur bird-watcher can make are really limitless. There is, however, responsibility associated with bird feeding, including a disease hazard. Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them, particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds. In winter feeding efforts are most satisfying to people and are of greatest benefit to birds. During this time when fewer natural foods are available and air temperatures are lower, extra feeding can keep a bird warm and well. Once begun, feeding should never stop during these lean months. If you start a local increase of birds, be prepared to do what may be required to eliminate hazards to those you want to befriend. A constant supply of food should be given until the cold is over and spring has come. If feeding is stopped during severe weather, birds used to relying upon the feeders must starve.

Passage 2

My friend Leo makes up weak and poor excuses whenever there is something he doesn't want to do. Just two weeks ago, he was at my house when he decided he didn't want to go into work. He called his boss

and said he had to get a new set of tires

put on his truck. Then he sat down and watched TV with me. Not only had he lied but

his excuse wasn't a very convincing one. Another time, he cancelled a date with his girlfriend at the last minute telling her he had to get a new battery for his truck. She was angry and refused to go out with him again until he apologized. Last weekend, Leo offered the poorest excuse yet. He'd promised he'd help me move some furniture, from my parents' house to my new apartment. He was supposed to bring his truck over about 8 o'clock Saturday morning. I waited,

and then called and left a message

on his machine. About 11:30, he called and said he was sorry but he'd been getting a new set of tires put on his truck. I guess he'd forgotten he used the same excuse when he called his boss from my house. I think I need a new set of friends. I'm beginning to get tired of Leo's excuses.

Passage 3

In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult because they grow up such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents' ambitions. Parents pay for wasteful gr and parties, expensive cars and designer clothes. When every dream can come true, kids don't learn the value of anything because they have everything. A thirteen-year-old boy, Trent Maguire, has a driver, credit cards and unlimited cash to do what he wants when he wants to. \"One day, I'll earn more than my dad!\" he boasts. Parents buy care and attention for their children because they have no time to give it themselves. Amender's mother employs a personal trainer, a bodyguard, a singing coach and a councilor to look after all her fifteen-year-old daughter's needs. Often, there is no parent at home

most days, so children decide whether to make their own meals or go out to restaurants, when to watch television or do homework. They organize their social life. They play no childhood games. They become adults before they're ready. Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already?

2009.12

11. M: Excuse me, do you have change for a ten-dollar note? I need to pay the parking meter.

W: I’m sorry, but I think you can get it through the money changer in the shopping center across the street.

Q: What is the man trying to do?

12. M: Can you recommend something that a school boy of 7 or 8 will really like?

W: I’d suggest this toy train, sir. It’s an excellent brand. Very popular all over the world these days.

Q: What is the man doing?

13. W: Do you let people know when you’re taking pictures of them?

M: I try not to. You know any picture of a person who poses for the camera would look dull and unnatural.

Q: What are the speakers talking about?

14. W: I need to talk to someone who knows Baltimore well. I’m told you lived there.

M: Oh, but I was really young at the time

Q: What does the man mean?

15. W: Aren’t you disappointed that you didn’t get the promotion?

M: Maybe a little, but I know I need more experience before I’m ready for that kind of responsibility.

Q: What do we learn about the man from this conversation?

16. W: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.

M: You look terrific. It seems that your effort has paid off.

Q: What does the man imply about the woman?

17. W: Professor Clark suggested I get a tutor for advanced physics. M: Well, that might help. Advanced physics is a pretty difficult course.

Q: What does the man mean?

18. W: Bill, have you heard the latest news? It appears we two won’t be laid off after all.

M: Oh, I’m somewhat tired of working here. I’ve been wondering whether I should resign. Anyway, the news

seems to be good for you.

Q: How does the man feel about the news?

Conversation 1

W: Hello, Cartson College, may I help you?

M: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fall

semester.

W: Do you want a day or evening course?

M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.

W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?

M: No.

W: Oh! Well, data processing is a course you have to take before you can take computer programming.

M: Oh, I see. Well, when is it given? I hope it is not on Thursdays. W: Well, there’s a class that meets on Monday evenings at 7.

M: Just once a week?

W: Yes. But that’s almost 3 hours from 7 to 9:45.

M: Oh! Well, that’s all right, I could manage that. How many weeks does the course last?

W: Mm, let me see. 12 weeks. You start the first weekends September and finish…Oh.. just before Christmas,

December 21st.

M: And how much is the course?

W: That’s 300 dollars including the necessary computer time.

M: Ah-hum. Okay, Eh, where do I go to register?

W: Registration is on the second and third of September between 6 and 9 in Frost Hall.

M: Is that the round building behind the parking lot?

W: Yes, that’s the one.

M: Oh, I know how to get there. Is there anything that I should bring with me?

W: No, just your check book. M: Well, thank you so much. W: You’re very welcome. Bye!

M: Bye!

W: So, why exactly does your job have reputation for being stressful?

M: Stress is generally driven by the feeling of being out of control of a situation and the feeling of a situation

controlling you. Trading in financial markets combines both.

W: How do you relax in the evening?

M: I very rarely do anything work-related so it’s easy to escape the markets. I generally go to the gym or go for a run, especially if I had a bad day. I always cook a meal rather than have a take-away. To do something my

brain will regard as creative.

W: Do you think what you do to relax is an effective way to beat stress?

M: I don’t think there is a specific rule about how to beat stress. I generally find out what I do is effective for

me.

W: Would you consider changing your job because of the high stress factor?

M: I have considered leaving my job due to stress-related factors. However, I do think that an element of

stress is a good thing. And if used the right way can actually be a positive thing.

W: What do you enjoy about the stressful aspects of your job?

M: Having said all that, I do actually enjoy an element of uncertainty. I enjoy mental challenge. Trading generates a wide range of emotions second by second. How you deal with and manage those emotions dictates

short medium and long term trading performance and success.

Since early times, people have been fascinated with the idea of life existing somewhere else besides earth. Until recently, scientists believe that life on other planets was just a hopeful dream. But now they are beginning to locate places where life could form. In 1997, they saw evidence of planets near other stars like the sun. But scientists now think that life could be even nearer in our own solar system. One place scientists are studying very closely is Europa, a moon of Jupiter. Space probes have provided evidence that Europa has a large ocean under its surface. The probes have also made scientists think that under its surface Europa has a rocky core giving off volcanic heat. Water and heat from volcanic activity are two basic conditions needed for life to form. A third is certain basic chemicals such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. Scientists believe there might be such chemicals lying at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. They may have already created life or may be about to. You may wonder if light is also needed for life to form. Until recently, scientists thought that light was essential. But now, places have been found on earth that are in total blackness such as caves several miles beneath the surface. And bacteria, primitive forms of life, have been seen there. So the lack of light in Europa’s sub-surface ocean doesn’t automatically rule out life

forming. Passage 2

In her early days as an emergency room physician, Doctor Joanna Myer treated a child who had suffered a second degree burn. After the child had been treated and was being prepared for discharge, Doctor Myer talked to the parents about how they should care for the child at home. Also listening to her were a half a dozen other family members. A few hours later, when she came to say goodbye, the family asked her to settle an argument they’d been having over exactly what advice she had given. “As I talked to them, I was amazed.” she said, ”All of them had heard the simple instructions I have given just a few hours before, but they have three or four different versions. The most basic details were unclear and confusing. I was surprised, because these were intelligent people.” This episode gave Doctor Myer her first clue to something every doctor learns sooner or later- most people just don’t listen very well. Nowadays, she says she repeats her instructions, and even conducts a reality check with some patients. She asks them to tell her what they think they are supposed to do. She also provides take-home sheets which are computer printouts tailored to the patients’ situation. Doc. Myer’s listeners are not unusual. When new or difficult material is presented, almost all listeners are faced with the challenge because human speech lacks the stability and permanence of the printed word. Oral communication is fast-moving and

impermanent.

Passage 3

It’s logical to suppose that things like good labor relations, good working conditions, good wages and benefits and job security motivate workers, but one expert, Fredrick Herzberg argued that such conditions do not motivate workers. They are merely satisfiers. Motivators, in contrast, include things such as having a challenging and interesting job, recognition and responsibility. However, even with the development of computers and robotics,

there’re always plenty of boring, repetitive and mechanical jobs and lots of unskilled people who have to do them. So how do mangers motivate people in such jobs? One solution is to give them some responsibilities, not as individuals, but as a part of a team. For example, some supermarkets can buy office stuff to people who fill the shelves, and the people who work at the check out into a team, and let them decide what product lines to stock, how to display them and so on. Many people now talk about the importance of a company’s shared values or culture with which all the staff can identify, for example, being the best hotel chain, or making the best, the most user-friendly or the most reliable products in a particular field. Such values are more likely to motivate workers than financial targets which automatically only concern a few people. Unfortunately, there’s only a limited number of such goals to go around and by definition, not all the competing companies in that industry can seriously plan to

be the best.

In the humanities, authors write to inform you in many ways. These methods can be classified into three types of

informational writing: factual, descriptive and process.

Factual writing provides background information on an author, composer or artist; or on a type of music, literature or art. Examples of factual writing include notes on a book jacket or album cover and longer pieces such as an article, describing a style of music which you might read in a musical appreciation course. This kind of writing provides a context for your study of the humanities. As its name implies, descriptive writing simply describes or provides an image of a piece of music, art or literature. For example, descriptive writing might list the colors an artist used in a painting or the instruments a composer included in a musical composition, so as to

make pictures or sound in a reader’s mind by calling up specific details of the work. Descriptive writing in the humanities, particularly in literature, it often mixed with critical writing. Process writing explains a series of actions that bring about the result. It tells the reader how to do something, for example, explaining the technique used to shoot a film. This kind of writing is often found in art where we understanding how an artist creates certain of fact is important. Authors may actually use more than one type of technique in a given piece of informational writing 2010 222 20 2010.6 11. W: Just imagine! We have to finish reading 300 pages beforeMonday! How can the professor expect us to do it in such a short time?

M: Yeah, but what troubles me is that I can’t find the book inthe library or in the university bookstore.

Q: What does the man mean?

12. M: Do you think I could borrow your car to go grocery shopping?The supermarkets outside the city are so much cheaper. I’d also behappy to pick up anything you need.

W: Well, I don’t like to let anyone else drive my car. Tell youwhat, why don’t we go together?

Q: What does the woman mean?

13. M: Forgive the mess in here, we have a party last night. Therewere a lot of people and they all brought food.

W: Yeah, I can tell. Well, I guess it’s pretty obvious whatyou’ll be doing most of today.

Q: What does the woman think the man will do?

14. W: What time would suit you for the first round talks withJohn Smith?

M: Well, you know my schedule. Other than this Friday, one day isas good as the next.

Q: What does the man mean?

15. W: I was so angry yesterday! My biology teacher did noteven let me explain why I missed the field trip. He just wouldn’tlet me pass!

M: That doesn’t seem fair. I’d feel that way too if I were you.

Q: What does the man imply?

16. M: I really can’t stand the way David controls theconversation all the time. If he is going to be at your Christmasparty, I just won’t come.

W: I’m sorry you feel that way, but my mother insists that he come.

Q: What does the woman imply?

17. W: You’re taking a course with Professor Johnson. What’syour impression so far?

M: Well, many students could hardly stay awake in his class withoutfirst drinking a cup of coffee.

Q: What does the man imply?

18. W: Have you ever put a computer together before?

M: No, never. But I think if we follow these instructionsexactly, we won’t have much trouble.

Q: What are the speakers going to do?

Long Conversations

Conversation 1

W: What sort of hours do you work, Steve?

M: Well I have to work very long hours, about eleven hours a day.

W: What time do you start?

M: I work 9 to 3, then I start again at 5:30 and work

until 11,six days a week. So I have to work very unsocial hours.

W: And do you have to work at the weekend?

M: Oh, yes, that’s our busiest time. I get Wednesdays off.

W: What are the things you have to do and the things you don’thave to do?

M: Uh, I don’t have to do the washing-up, so that’s good. Ihave to wear white, and I have to keep everything in the kitchentotally clean.

W: What’s hard about the job?

M: You are standing up all the time. When we are busy, people getangry and shout, but that’s normal.

W: How did you learn the profession?

M: Well, I did a two-year course at college. In the first year wehad to learn the basics, and then we had to take exams.

W: Was it easy to find a job?

M: I wrote to about six hotels and one of them gave me my firstjob, so I didn’t have to wait too long.

W: And what’s the secret of being good at your job?

M: Attention to detail. You have to love it. You have to showpassion for it.

W: And what are your plans for the future?

M: I want to have my own place when the time is right.

Q19. What does the man say about his job?

Q 20. What does the man think is the hardest part of his job?

Q 21. Where did the man get his first job after graduation?

Q 22. What does the man say is important to being good at hisjob?

Conversation 2

W: Now you’ve seen this table of figures about the pocketmoney children in Britain get?

M: Yes. I thought it was quite interesting, but I don’t quiteunderstand the column entitled change. Can you explain what it means?

W: Well, I think it means the change from the year

before. I amnot a mathematician, but I assume the rise from 70p to 90p is arise of 25 percent.

M: Oh yes, I see. And the inflation rate is there for comparison.

W: Yes. why do you think the rise in pocket money is oftenhigher than inflation?

M: I am sorry I’ve no idea. Perhaps parents in Britain aretoo generous.

W: Perhaps they are. But it looks as if children were not betteroff in 2001 than they were in 2002. That’s strange, isn’t it?And they seem to have been better off in 2003 than they are now.I wonder why that is.

M: Yes, I don’t understand that at all.

W: Anyway, if you had children, how much pocket money wouldyou give them?

M: I don’t know. I think I’ll probably give them 2 poundsa week.

W: Would you? And what would you expect them to do with it?

M: Well, out of that, they have to buy some small

personalthings, but I wouldn’t expect them to save to buy their ownsocks, for example.

W: Yes, by the way, do most children in your country getpocket money?

M: Yeah, they do.

As the new sales director for a national computer firm, Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the company’s district managers. Everyone arrived on time, and Alex’s presentation went extremely well. He decided to end the meeting with the conversation about the importance of the district managers to the company’s plans. “I believe we are going to continue to increase our share of the market,” he began, “because of the quality of the people in this room. The district manager is the key to the success of the sales representatives in his district. He sets the term for everyone else. If he has ambitious goals and is willing to put in long hours, everyone in his unit will

follow his example.” When Alex was finished, he received polite applauses, but hardly the warm response he had hoped for. Later he spoke with one of the senior managers. “Things were going so well until the end”, Alex said

disappointedly. “Obviously, I said the wrong thing.” “Yes”, the district manager replied. “Half of our managers are women. Most have worked their way up from sales representatives, and they are very proud of the role they played in the company’s growth. They don’t care at all about political correctness. But they were definitely surprised and distressed to be referred to as ‘he’ in your speech.”

Passage 2

The way to complain is to act business-like and important. If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant,

make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name. And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere. But also be firm in making your complaint. Besides, act important. This doesn’t mean to put on airs and say “do you know who I am?” What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted, chances are it will be granted. The worst way to complain is over the telephone. You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see. So you can’t tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around. Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective. If your complaint doesn’t require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter. If you have an appliance that doesn’t work, send a letter to the store that sold it. Be

business-like and stick to the point. Don’t spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried to fix the problem and couldn’t.

Passage 3

Barbara Sanders is a wife and the mother of two children, ages 2 and 4. Her husband, Tom, is an engineer and makes an excellent salary. Before Barbara had children, she worked as an architect for the government,

designing government housing. She quit her job when she became pregnant, but is now interested in returning to work. She's been offered an excellent job with the government. Her husband feels it's unnecessary for her to work since the family does not need the added income. He also thinks that a woman should stay home with her children. If Barbara feels the need to do socially important work, he thinks that she should do volunteer work one or two days a week. Barbara, on the other hand, has missed the excitement of her

profession and does not feel she would be satisfied doing volunteer work. She would also like to have her own income, so she does not have to ask her

husband for money whenever she wants to buy something. She does not think it's necessary to stay home every day with the children and she knows a very reliable babysitter who's willing to come to her house. Tom does not think a babysitter can replace a mother and thinks it's a bad idea for the children to spend so much time with someone who's not part of the family.

Almost every child, on the first day he sets foot in the school building, is smarter, more curious，less afraid of what he doesn't know, better at finding and figuring things out, more confident, resourceful, persistent and independent, than he will either be again in his schooling or, unless he is very unusual and very lucky, for the rest of his

life.Already, by paying close attention to and interacting with the world and people around him, and without any school-type formal instruction, he has done a task far more difficult, complicated and abstract than anything he will be asked to do in school, or than any of his teachers has done for years-he has solved the mystery of language. He has discovered it. Babies don't even know that language exists.And he has found out how it works and learnt to use it appropriately. He has done it by exploring, by experimenting, by developing his own model of the grammar of language, by trying it out and seeing whether it works, by gradually changing it and refining it until it does work.And while he has been doing this, he has been learning other things as well, including many of the concepts that the schools think only they can teach him, and many that are more complicated than the ones they do try to teach him.

2010.12

11.M： Oh my god！ The heat is simply unbearable here. I wish we’ve gone to the beach instead.

W： Well， with the museums and restaurants in Washington I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature.

Q：What does the woman mean？ 12.M： How’s the new job going？

W： Well， I’m learning a lot of new things， but I wish the director would give me some feedback.

Q：What does the woman want to know？

13.M： Can you help me work out a physical training program John？

W： Sure， but whatever you do be careful not to overdo it. Last time I had two weeks’ worth of weight-lifting in three days and I hurt myself.

Q： What does the man suggest the woman do？

14.M： I have an elderly mother and I’m worried about her going on a plane. Is there any risk？

W： Not if her heart is all right. If she has a heart condition， I’d recommend against it.

Q： What does the man want to know about his mother？

15.M： Why didn’t you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads？ W： Sorry， I was just a bit absent-minded. Anyway， do I have to pay a fine？ Q： what do we learn from the conversation？

16.M： I’m no expert， but that noise in your refrigerator doesn’t sound right. Maybe you should have it fixed.

W： You’re right. And I suppose I’ve put it off long enough. Q： What will the woman probably do？

17.M： I did extremely well on the sale of my downtown apartment. Now， I have enough money to buy that piece of land I’ve had my eye on and build a house on it.

W： Congratulations！Does that mean you’ll be moving soon？ Q： What do we learn about the man from the conversation？

18.W： My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday. I wonder if I broke something.

M： I’m no doctor， but it’s not black and blue or anything. Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.

Q： what do we learn about the woman from the conversation？ 长对话 （19~21）

M： Mrs. Dawson， thanks very much for coming down to the station. I just like to go over some of the things that you told police officer Parmer at the bank.

W： All right.

M： Well， could you describe the man who robbed the bank for this report that we’re filling out here？ Now， anything at all that you can remember would be extremely helpful to us.

W： Well， just， I can only remember basically what I said before. M： That’s all right.

W： The man was tall， six foot， and he had dark hair， and he had moustache. M： Very good. All right， did he have any other distinguishing marks？

W： Um， no， none that I can remember.

M： Do you remember how old he was by any chance？

W： Well， I guess around 30， maybe younger， give or take a few years. M： Mm， all right. Do you remember anything about what he was wearing？ W： Yes， yes， he had on a dark sweater， a solid color. M： OK. Um， anything else that strikes you at the moment？

W： I remember he was wearing a light shirt under the sweater. Yes， yes. M： All right. Mrs. Dawson， I really appreciate what you’ve been through today. I’m just going to ask you to look at some photographs before you leave if you don’t mind. It won’t take very long. Can you do that for me？

W： Oh， of course.

M： Would you like to step this way with me， please？ W： OK， sure. M： Thank you.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 长对话 （22~25）

W： Good morning， I’m calling about the job that was in the paper last night. M： Well， could you tell me your name？ W： Candidate Foreset.

M： Oh yes. What exactly is it that interests you about the job？ W： Well， I thought it was just right for me.

M： Really？ Um… Could you tell me a little about yourself？ W： Yes. I’m 23. I’ve been working abroad. M： Where exactly have you been working？ W： In Geneva.

M： Oh， Geneva. And what were you doing there？

W： Secretarial work. Previous to that， I was at university. M： Which university was that？

W： The University of Manchester. I’ve got a degree in English.

M： You said you’ve been working in Geneva. Do you have any special reason for wanting to come back？

W： I thought it would be nice to be near to the family. M： I see， and how do you see yourself developing in this job？

W： Well， I’m ambitious. I do hope that my career as a secretary will lead me eventually into management.

M： I see. You have foreign languages？ W： French and Italian.

M： Well， I think the best thing for you to do is do reply a writing to the advertisement.

W： Can’t I arrange for an interview now？

M： Well， I’m afraid we must wait until all the applications are in， in writing， and then decide on the short list. If you are on the short list， of course we should see you.

W： Oh， I see.

M： I look forward to receiving your application in writing in a day or two. W： Oh， yes， yes， certainly. M： Ok， thank you very much. Goodbye. W： Thank you. Goodbye. Section B Passage One

One of the greatest heartbreaks for fire fighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child， frightened by smoke and noise， hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead. Saddest of all is when children catch a glimpse of the masked the fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster. To prevent such tragedies， fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community， explaining that they should never hide during a fire. He displays fire fighters’ equipment， including the oxygen mask， which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on. “If you see us，” Velez tells them， “don’t hide！ We are not monsters. We have come to rescue you.” Velez gives his presentations in English and Spanish. Growing up in San Francisco， he learnt Spanish from his immigrant parents. Velez and other fire fighters throughout North America， who give similar presentations， will never know how many lives they save through their talks. But it’s a fact that informative speaking saves lives. For example， several months after listening to an informative speech， Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food， by using the method taught by student speaker， Julie Paris. In addition to saving lives， informative speakers help people learn new skills， solve problems and acquire fascinating facts about the exciting world in which they live.

Passage Two

Some people want to make and save a lot of money in order to retire early. I see people pursuing higher paying and increasingly demanding careers to accomplish this goal. They make many personal sacrifices in exchange for income today. The problem is that tomorrow might not come. Even if it all goes according to plan， will you know how to be happy when you are not working if you spend your entire life making money？ More importantly， who will be around for you to share your leisure time with？ At the other extreme are people who live only for today. Why bother saving when I might not be here tomorrow， they argue. The danger of this approach is that tomorrow may come after all. And most people don‘t want to spend all their tomorrows working for a living. The earlier neglect of saving， however， makes it difficult not to work when you are older. You maybe surprise to hear me say that if you must pick an extreme I think it’s better to pick the spend-all approach. As long as you don‘t mind continuing to work， assuming your health allows， you should be OK. At least， you are making use of your money， and hopefully deriving value and pleasure from it. Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a mistake. It may never come. Retirement can be a great time for some people. For others， it is a time of boredom， loneliness and poor health.

Passage Three //Imagine that someone in your neighborhood broke the law， and the judge put the whole neighborhood under suspicion. How fair will that be？ Well， it happens everyday to high schoolers. Just because some students have stolen things in shops， all of us are treated like thieves. Even though I’d never steal.Store employees looked at me like I’m some kind of hardened criminal. For example， during one lunch period， my friend Denny and I went to the Graben Gore Restaurant to have a hot dog. We arrived to find a line of students waiting outside. A new sign in the window told the story. “No more than two students at a time”。 After 15 minutes， we finally got in. But the store manger laid the evil eye on us. I asked him about the new sign， and he said， “You kids are stealing too much stuff.” You kids？ Too much stuff？ We were not only assumed to be thieves， but brilliant， greedy thieves. The most annoying thing though， is the way employees watched my friends and me. It’s horrible.Once， at a drug store， I was looking around and found a guy standing on a large box， stocking the shelves. He was watching my hands， more than he was watching his own. I showed him that my hands were empty. He got down off his box and rushed off， as if he was going to get the store manger. How crazy is that！

Section C// Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to preserve our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and appreciate their heritage. With computers and Internet connections in so many households， colleges， and businesses， people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time -- or talking to them in writing in online chat rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance， and a lot more convenient than waiting until Sunday for the telephone rates to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to receive and discuss their classroom assignments and to submit them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate on homework. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events， as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.

Despite the growing importance of computers， however， there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts. No matter what the content of the message， its real point is， “I want you to know that I care about you.” This writing practice brings rewards that can’t be seen in bank accounts， but only in the success of human relationships.