高二英语 新人教版语法考点与练习(过去分词)新人教版

近年来的高考试题对过去分词的用法特别青睐，频频对其进行考查。规则动词的过去分词是在动词词尾加-ed，不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的构成规则，需要单独记忆。及物动词的过去分词既表示被动，又表示完成；不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作的完成。过去分词可以在句子中作定语、宾语补足语、状语、表语等。下面结合高考试题，对过去分词的用法作一归纳总结。

一、过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，而且与它所修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上为被动关系，即被过去分词（短语）所修饰的名词或代词是分词动作的承受者。

【考例】

①For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit ______ on his own farm. (2009北京卷)

A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow

【解析】A。考查分词作定语。根据分词与其逻辑主语fruit的被动关系，应选择过去分词grown，相当于定语从句which / that is grown…。

②The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.（2008湖南卷）

A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down

【解析】B。作定语的非谓语动词blow down与其逻辑主语the trees在逻辑上是动宾关系，应使用表示被动意义的过去分词；C、D项表示主动意义；A项表示正在进行的被动动作，与语境不符。

③ “Things _________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.（2007湖南卷） A. lost B. losing C. to lose D. have lost

【解析】A。动词lose与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上为被动关系，应使用过去分词作定语。 二、过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾语补足语考查的重点是have sth. done, make oneself heard / known / understood等。过去分词作宾补时，从逻辑上应抓住宾语与宾补之间的语态关系，即二者之间是被动关系，宾语是分词动作的承受者。

【考例】

① To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.（2008江苏卷） A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak 【解析】C。作宾补的非谓语动词speak与其逻辑主语Englsih之间含有逻辑上的动宾关系，故应使用表示被动意义的过去分词。

②He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________ in his lectures. （2007江苏卷）

A. interested B. interesting C. interest D. to interest 【解析】A。考查非谓语动词作宾补。使动词(amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等)的同根形容词有v.-ing和v.-ed两种形式。 v.-ing表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人……的”； v.-ed表示主语所处的状态，意思是“某人感到……的”。本题宾补修饰指人的宾语应使用过去分词。

③Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _______ in a short period.（2007福建卷）

A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve

【解析】A。作宾补的非谓语动词与其逻辑主语（her written English）在逻辑上有被动关系，应使用表示被动意义的过去分词。

三、过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语时重点判断出分词逻辑主语以及逻辑主语与分词之间的逻辑关系。若二者之间为被动关系，即逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随等，有时过去分词前也可加上连词when, while, if, unless, though等。过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子中的主语，表示被动或完成意义。

【考例】

① _______ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. (2009北京卷)

A. Being bitten B. Bitten

C. Having bitten D. To be bitten

【解析】B。分词与其逻辑主语the postman在逻辑上含有动宾关系，应使用表示被动意义的过去分词作状语。

② ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.（2007浙江卷）

A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven

【解析】A。根据语境：农民被蔬菜的大量需求所驱动，建起了更多的温室大棚。分词与其逻辑主语farmers在逻辑上是被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。

③ The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ________ every day.（2007四川卷） A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water

【解析】A。分词与其逻辑主语flowers之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。 ④We all know that, __________, the situation will get worse. （2007全国卷I） A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

【解析】B。分词与其逻辑主语the situation之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应使用过去分词。

四、过去分词作表语

过去分词作表语，其主语通常是人，表示主语所处的状态或表示主语对某事的感觉，意思是“（某人）……的”；而现在分词其主语通常是物，表示主语的特征，意思是“令人……的”。常用作表语的过去分词有：interested, moved, discouraged, amused, astonished, surprised, frightened, excited, moved, inspired, tired, worried, hurt, crowded, gone, broken, dressed, wounded, pleased等。

【考例】

①Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.(2009四川卷)

A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat

【解析】A。remain是连系动词，其后接表语。seat是及物动词，当后面没有宾语时应使用be seated，此处用作表语，应使用过去分词形式。

② Tom sounds very much ______ in the job, but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.（2006安徽卷）

A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly

【解析】A。sound是连系动词，应使用形容词化的分词作表语。interest的现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是“令人感兴趣的”；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是“感

兴趣的”。

五、过去分词用于主格结构

主格结构，又叫做结构。在形式上与主句没有任何关系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起，共同构筑成一个完整的语义环境。主格结构只有逻辑上的主语，没有主语和谓语，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一个于句子成分之外的特殊结构。主格结构分为四类：1.分词结构；2.不定式结构；3.无动词结构；4.with复合结构。

【考例】

① The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______at the end of last March. (2007山东卷)

A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched

【解析】B。本题解题的关键在于中间的逗号，本句中没有出现连词，说明这不是一个复合句，因此后面部分不是句子，只能是一个主格结构，由recent可知应使用分词的完成时。

② The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _______ for the day. （2007重庆卷）

A. finishing B. finished C. had finished D. were finished

【解析】B。中间的逗号说明这是一个含有主格结构的简单句，分词与其逻辑主语their lessons含有逻辑上的被动意义，应使用过去分词。

③ John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________, he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽卷）

A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished

【解析】B。考查with复合结构中作宾补的分词的选用。his work与作宾补的分词含有逻辑上的被动意义，应使用过去分词作宾补。

【实战演练】

I. 用括号里动词的适当形式填空：

1. Generally speaking, when ______ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. 2. ______ (see) the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ (frighten) out of her life. 3. The speaker raised his voice but couldn’t make himself _____(hear).

4. Most of the photographers _____ (invite) to the conference were from north Europe. 5. A cool rain was falling, _____ (mix) with snow.

6. ______ (settle) in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.

7. _______ (determine) to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately. 8. ______ (leave) alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

9. Mrs. Bush stood ______ (surprise) for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.

10. All things _______ (consider), the planned trip will have to be called off. II. 单项选择：

1. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _______ and his glaring eyes______ into the darkness. A. set; looked B. set; looking C. setting; looked D. setting; looking

2. ________ who she was, she said she was Mr. Johnson’s friend. A. Asking B. Asked C. To be asked D. When asking

3. From the dates＿＿＿on the gold coin, it is conformed that it was made five hundred years ago.

A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked

4. All things _______, his proposal is of greater value than yours. A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. consider

5. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _______ in my study. A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. being locked 6. You will find the word “psychology” _______ under “P” in your dictionary. A. have listed B. list C. listed D. listing

7. And there, almost ______in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet.

A. having lost B. losing C. to be lost D. lost 8. We are looking forward to _______ the film _______ at the Grand Cinema. A. seeing; to show B. see; shown C. seeing; shown D. see; to show

9. The policeman put down the phone, _______ with a smile on his face. A. satisfied B. satisfying C. to be satisfied D. having satisfied 10. ________, your composition is full of mistakes. A. Writing carelessly B. Written carelessly

C. Having written carelessly D. Being written carelessly 【答案】

I. 用括号里动词的适当形式填空：

1. taken 2. Seeing; frightened 3. heard 4. invited 5. mixed 6. Settled 7. Determined 8. Left 9. surprised 10. considered II. 单项选择：

1-5 BBBAB 6-10 CDCAB